Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is a non-metallic element and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass. Carbon is the basis for all known life on Earth, as it is a key component of organic molecules such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. It is also found in various forms in the Earth's crust, oceans, and atmosphere.

Properties of Carbon:

Atomic Number: 6
Atomic Mass: 12.01
Electronic Configuration: 2, 4
Physical State at Room Temperature: Solid
Boiling Point: 4827 degrees Celsius
Melting Point: 3550 degrees Celsius

Allotropes of Carbon:

Carbon exists in several allotropic forms, the most common of which are:

Diamond
Graphite
Fullerenes
Carbon nanotubes

Role of Carbon in Biology:

Carbon is a fundamental component of biological macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. It forms the backbone of organic compounds and plays a crucial role in the structure and function of living organisms.

Carbon Cycle:

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. It involves processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition, and is essential for maintaining the balance of carbon in the environment.