South America

South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, North America and the Caribbean Sea to the northwest, and Antarctica to the south.

Geography

South America is the fourth largest continent in terms of area and the fifth most populous continent. The continent is home to the Andes mountain range, which is the longest mountain range in the world, as well as the Amazon River, the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world. The diverse geography of South America includes tropical rainforests, savannas, and the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth.

Countries

South America is comprised of 12 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Each country has its own unique culture, history, and natural wonders.

History

South America has a rich history that includes ancient civilizations such as the Inca, the Maya, and the Aztec. The arrival of European explorers and settlers led to the colonization of the continent, resulting in a complex mix of indigenous and European cultures that continue to influence the region to this day.

Study Guide

• What are the major geographical features of South America?
• Which country is home to the Amazon River?
• Identify at least two ancient civilizations that existed in South America.
• List the countries that make up South America.

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