Cinco de Mayo

Cinco de Mayo, or the fifth of May, is a holiday that celebrates the date of the Mexican army’s 1862 victory over France at the Battle of Puebla during the Franco-Mexican War. While it is a relatively minor holiday in Mexico, in the United States, Cinco de Mayo has evolved into a commemoration of Mexican culture and heritage, particularly in areas with large Mexican-American populations.

History

The origins of Cinco de Mayo can be traced back to the French occupation of Mexico, which took place in the aftermath of the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 and the 1858-1861 Reform War. The French, under the leadership of Napoleon III, sought to establish a French-friendly government in Mexico and to gain control of the country's valuable resources, particularly silver. In response, Mexican forces, commanded by General Ignacio Zaragoza, achieved an unexpected victory over the much larger and better-equipped French army at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862.

Celebrations

In Mexico, Cinco de Mayo is primarily observed in the state of Puebla, where the Battle of Puebla took place. In the United States, however, the holiday has become a celebration of Mexican culture and heritage, featuring parades, music, folkloric dancing, and traditional foods such as tacos and mole poblano. It is a time when people of Mexican descent can proudly embrace and share their heritage with others.

Study Guide

1. What is the significance of Cinco de Mayo in Mexican history?
2. Who was the leader of the Mexican forces during the Battle of Puebla?
3. Where is Cinco de Mayo primarily observed in Mexico?
4. How has Cinco de Mayo evolved in the United States?
5. What are some common ways that people celebrate Cinco de Mayo?