Atoms

An atom is the basic unit of matter, made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These particles are the building blocks of all elements and are responsible for the properties of matter.

Structure of an Atom

At the center of an atom is the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge. Surrounding the nucleus are electrons, which have a negative charge. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, and the sum of protons and neutrons gives the atomic mass.

Subatomic Particles

Protons: Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They determine the element's identity.

Neutrons: Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They contribute to the atom's mass.

Electrons: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in energy levels. They are involved in chemical bonding and reactions.

Study Guide

1. What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?
   • Protons
   • Neutrons
   • Electrons
2. Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
   • In the nucleus
3. What is the charge of a proton?
   • Positive
4. What is the charge of an electron?
   • Negative
5. Which subatomic particle is involved in chemical bonding and reactions?
   • Electrons

Understanding the structure and properties of atoms is crucial for understanding the behavior of matter and the interactions between different substances. It forms the basis of chemistry and is essential for understanding the world around us.

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