Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a large body of water located between Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar and is almost completely surrounded by land, making it a nearly enclosed sea.
Geography
The Mediterranean Sea is approximately 2.5 million square kilometers in size, making it the largest inland sea in the world. It is bordered by 21 countries, including Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, and Libya.
Importance
The Mediterranean Sea has been a crucial trade route since ancient times, connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa. Its strategic location has made it a center for cultural exchange, trade, and the development of civilizations such as the Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians, and Egyptians.
Climate
The Mediterranean region is known for its mild, subtropical climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. This climate has contributed to the region's agriculture, including the cultivation of olives, grapes, and wheat.
Environmental Concerns
Despite its beauty and historical significance, the Mediterranean Sea faces environmental challenges such as pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction. Efforts are being made to protect the sea's biodiversity and ecosystems.
Study Guide
- What is the geographical size of the Mediterranean Sea?
- Identify three countries that border the Mediterranean Sea.
- Explain the historical significance of the Mediterranean Sea as a trade route.
- Describe the climate of the Mediterranean region.
- What are some environmental concerns facing the Mediterranean Sea?
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