Massachusetts Curriculum Frameworks 1st Grade Math Skills

MA.1.OA. Operations and Algebraic Thinking

1.OA.A. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

1.OA.A.1. Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations (number sentences) with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.

1.OA.B. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

1.OA.B.3. Apply properties of operations to add. For example, when adding numbers order does not matter. If 8 + 3 = 11 is known, then 3 + 8 = 11 is also known (Commutative property of addition). To add 2 + 6 + 4, the second two numbers can be added to make a ten, so 2 + 6 + 4 = 2 + 10 = 12 (Associative property of addition). When adding zero to a number, the result is the same number (Identity property of zero for addition).

1.OA.B.4. Understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem. For example, subtract 10 – 8 by finding the number that makes 10 when added to 8.

1.OA.C. Add and subtract within 20.

1.OA.C.5. Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

1.OA.C.6. Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use mental strategies such as counting on; making 10 (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14); decomposing a number leading to a 10 (e.g., 13 – 4 = 13 – 3 – 1 = 10 – 1 = 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows 12 – 8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 + 7 by creating the known equivalent 6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13).

1.OA.D. Work with addition and subtraction equations.

1.OA.D.7. Understand the meaning of the equal sign, and determine if equations involving addition and subtraction are true or false. For example, which of the following equations are true and which are false? 6 = 6, 7 = 8 – 1, 5 + 2 = 2 + 5, 4 + 1 = 5 + 2.

MA.1.NBT. Number and Operations in Base Ten

1.NBT.A. Extend the counting sequence.

1.NBT.A.1. Count to 120, starting at any number less than 120. In this range, read and write numerals and represent a number of objects with a written numeral.

1.NBT.B. Understand place value.

1.NBT.B.2. Understand that the two digits of a two-digit number represent amounts of tens and ones. Understand the following as special cases:

1.NBT.B.2.a. 10 can be thought of as a bundle of ten ones—called a “ten.”

1.NBT.B.2.b. The numbers from 11 to 19 are composed of a ten and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine ones.

1.NBT.B.2.c. The numbers 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 refer to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine tens (and 0 ones).

1.NBT.B.3. Compare two two-digit numbers based on meanings of the tens and ones digits, recording the results of comparisons with the symbols >, =, and <.

1.NBT.C. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.

1.NBT.C.4. Add within 100, including adding a two-digit number and a one-digit number, and adding a two-digit number and a multiple of 10, using concrete models or drawings, and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used. Understand that in adding two-digit numbers, one adds tens and tens, ones and ones; and sometimes it is necessary to compose a ten.

MA.1.MD. Measurement and Data

1.MD.A. Measure lengths indirectly and by iterating length units.

1.MD.A.1. Order three objects by length; compare the lengths of two objects indirectly by using a third object.

1.MD.B. Tell and write time.

1.MD.B.3. Tell and write time in hours and half-hours using analog and digital clocks.

1.MD.C. Represent and interpret data.

1.MD.C.4. Organize, represent, and interpret data with up to three categories; ask and answer questions about the total number of data points, how many in each category, and how many more or less are in one category than in another.

1.MD.D. Work with money.

1.MD.D.5. Identify the values of all U.S. coins and know their comparative values (e.g., a dime is of greater value than a nickel). Find equivalent values (e.g., a nickel is equivalent to five pennies). Use appropriate notation (e.g., 69¢). Use the values of coins in the solutions of problems (up to 100¢).

MA.1.G. Geometry

1.G.A. Reason with shapes and their attributes.

1.G.A.3. Partition circles and rectangles into two and four equal shares, describe the shares using the words halves, fourths, and quarters, and use the phrases half of, fourth of, and quarter of. Describe the whole as two of, or four of the shares. Understand for these examples that decomposing into more equal shares creates smaller shares.