AK.A. Geography: A student should be able to make and use maps, globes, and graphs to gather, analyze, and report spatial (geographic) information. A student who meets the content standard should:

A.1. Use maps and globes to locate places and regions.

A.3. Understand how and why maps are changing documents.

A.4. Use graphic tools and technologies to depict and interpret the world's human and physical systems.

A.5. Evaluate the importance of the locations of human and physical features in interpreting geographic patterns.

AK.B. Geography: A student should be able to utilize, analyze, and explain information about the human and physical features of places and regions. A student who meets the content standard should:

B.1. Know that places have distinctive geographic characteristics.

B.3. Relate how people create similarities and differences among places.

B.5. Describe and demonstrate how places and regions serve as cultural symbols, such as the Statue of Liberty.

B.7. Understand that a region is a distinct area defined by one or more cultural or physical features.

AK.C. Geography: A student should understand the dynamic and interactive natural forces that shape the earth's environments. A student who meets the content standard should:

C.1. Analyze the operation of the earth's physical systems, including ecosystems, climate systems, erosion systems, the water cycle, and tectonics.

C.3. Recognize the concepts used in studying environments and recognize the diversity and productivity of different regional environments.

AK.D. Geography: A student should understand and be able to interpret spatial (geographic) characteristics of human systems, including migration, movement, interactions of cultures, economic activities, settlement patterns, and political units in the state, nation, and world. A student who meets the content standard should:

D.1. Know that the need for people to exchange goods, services, and ideas creates population centers, cultural interaction, and transportation and communication links.

D.2. Explain how and why human networks, including networks for communications and for transportation of people and goods, are linked globally.

D.4. Analyze how changes in technology, transportation, and communication impact social, cultural, economic, and political activity.

AK.E. Geography: A student should understand and be able to evaluate how humans and physical environments interact. A student who meets the content standard should:

E.1. Understand how resources have been developed and used.

E.2. Recognize and assess local, regional, and global patterns of resource use.

E.4. Determine the influence of human perceptions on resource utilization and the environment.

E.5. Analyze the consequences of human modification of the environment and evaluate the changing landscape.

AK.F. Geography: A student should be able to use geography to understand the world by interpreting the past, knowing the present, and preparing for the future. A student who meets the content standard should:

F.3. Analyze resource management practices to assess their impact on future environmental quality.

AK.A. Government and Citizenship: A student should know and understand how societies define authority, rights, and responsibilities through a governmental process. A student who meets the content standard should:

A.1. Understand the necessity and purpose of government.

A.2. Understand the meaning of fundamental ideas, including equality, authority, power, freedom, justice, privacy, property, responsibility, and sovereignty.

A.3. Understand how nations organize their governments.

A.4. Compare and contrast how different societies have governed themselves over time and in different places.

AK.B. Government and Citizenship: A student should understand the constitutional foundations of the American political system and the democratic ideals of this nation. A student who meets the content standard should:

B.1. Understand the ideals of this nation as expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the Bill of Rights.

B.2. Recognize American heritage and culture, including the republican form of government, capitalism, free enterprise system, patriotism, strong family units, and freedom of religion.

B.3. Understand the United States Constitution, including separation of powers, the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, majority rule, and minority rights.

B.6. Recognize the significance of diversity in the American political system.

B.7. Distinguish between constitution-based ideals and the reality of American political and social life.

AK.C. Government and Citizenship: A student should understand the character of government of the state. A student who meets the content standard should:

C.1. Understand the various forms of the state's local governments and the agencies and commissions that influence students' lives and property.

AK.E. Government and Citizenship: A student should have the knowledge and skills necessary to participate effectively as an informed and responsible citizen. A student who meets the content standard should:

E.1. Know the important characteristics of citizenship.

E.2. Recognize that it is important for citizens to fulfill their public responsibilities.

E.3. Exercise political participation by discussing public issues, building consensus, becoming involved in political parties and political campaigns, and voting.

E.5. Establish, explain, and apply criteria useful in selecting political leaders.

E.6. Recognize the value of community service.

AK.F. Government and Citizenship: A student should understand the economies of the United States and the state and their relationships to the global economy. A student who meets the content standard should:

F.1. Understand how the government and the economy interrelate through regulations, incentives, and taxation.

F.3. Compare alternative economic systems.

F.5. Understand the basic concepts of supply and demand, the market system, and profit.

F.6. Understand the role of economic institutions in the United States, including the Federal Reserve Board, trade unions, banks, investors, and the stock market.

F.7. Understand the role of self-interest, incentives, property rights, competition, and corporate responsibility in the market economy.

F.10. Understand how international trade works.

AK.G. Government and Citizenship: A student should understand the impact of economic choices and participate effectively in the local, state, national, and global economies. A student who meets the content standard should:

G.2. Understand that choices are made because resources are scarce.

G.4. Make informed choices on economic issues.

G.6. Understand that wages and productivity depend on investment in physical and human capital.

G.7. Understand that economic choices influence public and private institutional decisions.

AK.A. History: A student should understand that history is a record of human experiences that links the past to the present and the future. A student who meets the content standard should:

A.1. Understand chronological frameworks for organizing historical thought and place significant ideas, institutions, people, and events within time sequences.

A.6. Know that cultural elements, including language, literature, the arts, customs, and belief systems, reflect the ideas and attitudes of a specific time and know how the cultural elements influence human interaction.

A.7. Understand that history is dynamic and composed of key turning points.

A.8. Know that history is a bridge to understanding groups of people and an individual's relationship to society.

A.9. Understand that history is a fundamental connection that unifies all fields of human understanding and endeavor.

AK.B. History: A student should understand historical themes through factual knowledge of time, places, ideas, institutions, cultures, people, and events. A student who meets the content standard should:

B.1. Comprehend the forces of change and continuity that shape human history through the following persistent organizing themes:

B.1.a. The development of culture, the emergence of civilizations, and the accomplishments and mistakes of social organizations.

B.1.b. Human communities and their relationships with climate, subsistence base, resources, geography, and technology.

B.1.e. Major developments in societies as well as changing patterns related to class, ethnicity, race, and gender.

B.4. Recognize the importance of time, ideas, institutions, people, places, cultures, and events in understanding large historical patterns.

B.5. Evaluate the influence of context upon historical understanding.

AK.C. History: A student should develop the skills and processes of historical inquiry. A student who meets the content standard should:

C.2. Use historical data from a variety of primary resources, including letters, diaries, oral accounts, archeological sites and artifacts, art, maps, photos, historical sites, documents, and secondary research materials, including almanacs, books, indices, and newspapers.

C.3. Apply thinking skills, including classifying, interpreting, analyzing, summarizing, synthesizing, and evaluating, to understand the historical record.

C.4. Use historical perspective to solve problems, make decisions, and understand other traditions.

AK.D. History: A student should be able to integrate historical knowledge with historical skill to effectively participate as a citizen and as a lifelong learner. A student who meets the content standard should:

D.4. Recognize and demonstrate that various issues may require an understanding of different positions, jobs, and personal roles depending on place, time, and context.

D.5. Base personal citizenship action on reasoned historical judgment with recognition of responsibility for self and others.

D.6. Create new approaches to issues by incorporating history with other disciplines, including economics, geography, literature, the arts, science, and technology.