8th Grade Math. Nebraska Core Academic Content Standards Nebraska Core Academic Content Standards

Nebraska Core Academic Content Standards for Eighth Grade Math

Collecting and describing dataCollecting and describing data refers to the different ways to gather data and the different ways to arrange data whether it is in a table, graph, or pie chart. Data can be collected by either taking a sample of a population or by conducting a survey. Describing data looks at data after it has been organized and makes conclusions about the data. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1

Displaying dataDisplaying data refers to the many ways that data can be displayed whether it is on a bar graph, line graph, circle graph, pictograph, line plot, scatter plot or another way. Certain data is better displayed with different graphs as opposed to other graphs. E.g. if data representing the cost of a movie over the past 5 years were to be displayed, a line graph would be best. A circle graph would not be appropriate to use because a circle graph represents data that can add up to one or 100%. Read more...iWorksheets: 4Study Guides: 1

Using graphs to analyze dataThere are different types of graphs and ways that data can be analyzed using the graphs. Graphs are based on the coordinate plane. Data are the points on the plane. If collecting data about the ages of people living on one street, the data is all the ages. The data can then be organized into groups, and evaluated. Mean, mode and median are different ways to evaluate data. Read more...iWorksheets: 7Study Guides: 1

FunctionsFreeA function is a rule that is performed on a number, called an input, to produce a result called an output. The rule consists of one or more mathematical operations that are performed on the input. An example of a function is y = 2x + 3, where x is the input and y is the output. The operations of multiplication and addition are performed on the input, x, to produce the output, y. By substituting a number for x, an output can be determined. Read more...iWorksheets: 5Study Guides: 1

Perimeter and areaWhat Is Perimeter and Area? Perimeter is the measurement of the distance around a figure. It is measured in units and can be measured by inches, feet, blocks, meters, centimeters or millimeters. To find the perimeter of any figure, simply add up the measures of the sides of the figure. Area is the amount of surface a shape covers. Area is measured in square units, whether the units are inches, feet, meters or centimeters. The area formula for a parallelogram is: A = b · h, where b is the base and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets: 4Study Guides: 1

Plane figuresPlane figures refer to points, lines, angles, and planes in the coordinate plane. Lines can be parallel or perpendicular. Angles can be categorized as acute, obtuse or right. Angles can also be complementary or supplementary depending on how many degrees they add up to. Plane figures can also refer to shapes in the coordinate plane. Triangles, quadrilaterals and other polygons can be shown in the coordinate plane. Read more...iWorksheets: 4Study Guides: 1

Applications of percentPercent increase or decrease can be found by using the formula: percent of change = actual change/original amount. The change is either an increase, if the amounts went up or a decrease if the amounts went down. If a number changes from 33 to 89, the percent of increase would be: Percent of increase = (89 -33) ÷ 33 = 56 ÷ 33 ≈ 1.6969 ≈ 170% Read more...iWorksheets: 4Study Guides: 1

Numbers and percentsNumbers and percents refer to the relationship between fractions, decimals, and percents. A percent is a term that describes a decimal in terms of one hundred. Percent means per hundred. Percents, fractions and decimals all can equal each other, as in the case of 10%, 0.1 and 1/10. Fractions and decimals can easily be changed into percent. There are three cases of percent. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1

SequencesA sequence is an ordered list of numbers. Sequences are the result of a pattern or rule. A pattern or rule can be every other number or some formula such as y = 2x + 3. When a pattern or rule is given, a sequence can be found. When a sequence is given, the pattern or rule can be found. Read more...iWorksheets: 5Study Guides: 1

NE.MA.MP. NEBRASKA MATHEMATICAL PROCESSES

MP.1. Solves mathematical problems. Through the use of appropriate academic and technical tools, students will make sense of mathematical problems and persevere in solving them. Students will draw upon their prior knowledge in order to employ critical thinking skills, reasoning skills, creativity, and innovative ability. Additionally, students will compute accurately and determine the reasonableness of solutions.

Mathematical processesMathematical processes refer to the skills and strategies needed in order to solve mathematical problems. If one strategy does not help to find the solution to a problem, using another strategy may help to solve it. Problem solving skills refer to the math techniques that must be used to solve a problem. If a problem were to determine the perimeter of a square, a needed skill would be the knowledge of what perimeter means and the ability to add the numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

NE.MA.8.1. NUMBER: Students will communicate number sense concepts using multiple representations to reason, solve problems, and make connections within mathematics and across disciplines.

MA.8.1.1. Numeric Relationships: Students will demonstrate, represent, and show relationships among real numbers within the base-ten number system.

MA.8.1.1.b. Represent numbers with positive and negative exponents and in scientific notation.

Exponents, Factors and FractionsFreeIn a mathematical expression where the same number is multiplied many times, it is often useful to write the number as a base with an exponent. Exponents are also used to evaluate numbers. Any number to a zero exponent is 1 and any number to a negative exponent is a number less than 1. Exponents are used in scientific notation to make very large or very small numbers easier to write. Read more...iWorksheets :8Study Guides :1

Polynomials and ExponentsFreeA polynomial is an expression which is in the form of ax<sup>n</sup>, where a is any real number and n is a whole number. If a polynomial has only one term, it is called a monomial. If it has two terms, it is a binomial and if it has three terms, it is a trinomial. The standard form of a polynomial is when the powers of the variables are decreasing from left to right. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1

MA.8.1.1.c. Describe the difference between a rational and irrational number.

Rational and Irrational NumbersA rational number is a number that can be made into a fraction. Decimals that repeat or terminate are rational because they can be changed into fractions. An irrational number is a number that cannot be made into a fraction. Decimals that do not repeat or end are irrational numbers. Pi is an irrational number. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

MA.8.1.1.d. Approximate, compare, and order real numbers (both rational and irrational) and order real numbers both off and on the number line.

MA.8.1.2. Operations: Students will compute with exponents and roots.

MA.8.1.2.a. Evaluate the square roots of perfect squares less than or equal to 400 and cube roots of perfect cubes less than or equal to 125.

The Pythagorean TheoremPythagorean Theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry. It states the sum of the squares of the legs of a right triangle equals the square of the length of the hypotenuse. Determine the distance between two points using the Pythagorean Theorem. Read more...iWorksheets :10Study Guides :2

Real numbersReal numbers are the set of rational and irrational numbers. The set of rational numbers includes integers, whole numbers, and natural numbers. A rational number is a number that can be made into a fraction. Decimals that repeat or terminate are rational because they can be changed into fractions. An irrational number is a number that cannot be made into a fraction. Decimals that do not repeat or end are irrational numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1

MA.8.1.2.b. Simplify numerical expressions involving exponents and roots (e.g., 4^(-2) is the same as 1/16).

NE.MA.8.2. ALGEBRA: Students will communicate algebraic concepts using multiple representations to reason, solve problems, and make connections within mathematics and across disciplines.

MA.8.2.1. Algebraic Relationships: Students will demonstrate, represent, and show relationships with expressions, equations, and inequalities.

MA.8.2.1.a. Create algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities (e.g., two-step, one variable) from word phrases, tables, and pictures.

Introduction to AlgebraAlgebra is the practice of using expressions with letters or variables that represent numbers. Words can be changed into a mathematical expression by using the words, plus, exceeds, diminished, less, times, the product, divided, the quotient and many more. Algebra uses variables to represent a value that is not yet known. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1

Equations and InequalitiesAlgebraic equations are mathematical equations that contain a letter or variable, which represents a number. To solve an algebraic equation, inverse operations are used. The inverse operation of addition is subtraction and the inverse operation of subtraction is addition. Inequalities are mathematical equations that compare two quantities using greater than, >; greater than or equal to ≥; less than, <; and less than or equal to, ≤. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1

Algebraic InequalitiesFreeAlgebraic inequalities are mathematical equations that compare two quantities using these criteria: greater than, less than, less than or equal to, greater than or equal to. The only rule of inequalities that must be remembered is that when a variable is multiplied or divided by a negative number the sign is reversed. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Equations and inequalitiesAn equation is mathematical statement that shows that two expressions are equal to each other. The expressions used in an equation can contain variables or numbers. Inequalities are mathematical equations that compare two quantities using greater than, >; greater than or equal to ≥; less than, <; and less than or equal to, ≤. Inequalities are also solved by using inverse operations. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

MA.8.2.1.b. Determine and describe the rate of change for given situations through the use of tables and graphs.

Nonlinear Functions and Set TheoryA function can be in the form of y = mx + b. This is an equation of a line, so it is said to be a linear function. Nonlinear functions are functions that are not straight lines. Some examples of nonlinear functions are exponential functions and parabolic functions. An exponential function, y = aˆx, is a curved line that gets closer to but does not touch the x-axis. A parabolic function, y = ax² + bx +c, is a U-shaped line that can either be facing up or facing down. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1

MA.8.2.1.d. Graph proportional relationships and interpret the slope.

Introduction to FunctionsA function is a rule that is performed on a number, called an input, to produce a result called an output. The rule consists of one or more mathematical operations that are performed on the input. An example of a function is y = 2x + 3, where x is the input and y is the output. The operations of multiplication and addition are performed on the input, x, to produce the output, y. By substituting a number for x, an output can be determined. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1

Linear equationsLinear equations are equations that have two variables and when graphed are a straight line. Linear equation can be graphed based on their slope and y-intercept. The standard equation for a line is y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. Slope can be found with the formula m = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1), which represents the change in y over the change in x. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1

MA.8.2.2. Algebraic Processes: Students will apply the operational properties when evaluating expressions and solving expressions, equations, and inequalities.

MA.8.2.2.a. Solve multi-step equations involving rational numbers with the same variable appearing on both sides of the equal sign.

Using IntegersIntegers are negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. To compare integers, a number line can be used. On a number line, negative integers are on the left side of zero with the larger a negative number, the farther to the left it is. Positive integers are on the right side of zero on the number line. If a number is to the left of another number it is said to be less than that number. In the coordinate plane, the x-axis is a horizontal line with negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1

Decimal OperationsDecimal operations refer to the mathematical operations that can be performed with decimals: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The process for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing decimals must be followed in order to achieve the correct answer. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Fraction OperationsFraction operations are the processes of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing fractions and mixed numbers. A mixed number is a fraction with a whole number. Adding fractions is common in many everyday events, such as making a recipe and measuring wood. In order to add and subtract fractions, the fractions must have the same denominator. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Introduction to PercentWhat Is Percent? A percent is a term that describes a decimal in terms of one hundred. Percent means per hundred. Percents, fractions and decimals all can equal each other, as in the case of 10%, 0.1 and 1/10. Percents can be greater than 100% or smaller than 1%. A markup from the cost of making an item to the actual sales price is usually greater than 100%. A salesperson's commission might be 1/2% depending on the item sold. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1

Algebraic EquationsWhat are algebraic equations? Algebraic equations are mathematical quations that contain a letter or variable, which represents a number. When algebraic equations are written in words, the words must be changed into the appropriate numbers and variable in order to solve. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1

Integer operationsInteger operations are the mathematical operations that involve integers. Integers are negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. Adding and subtracting integers are useful in everyday life because there are many situations that involved negative numbers such as calculating sea level or temperatures. Equations with integers are solved using inverse operations. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations, and multiplication and division are inverse operations of each other. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1

Rational numbers and operationsA rational number is a number that can be made into a fraction. Decimals that repeat or terminate are rational because they can be changed into fractions. A square root of a number is a number that when multiplied by itself will result in the original number. The square root of 4 is 2 because 2 · 2 = 4. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Solving linear equationsWhen graphed, a linear equation is a straight line. Although the standard equation for a line is y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept, linear equations often have both of the variables on the same side of the equal sign. Linear equations can be solved for one variable when the other variable is given. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1

Solving equations and inequalitiesAlgebraic equations are mathematical equations that contain a letter or variable which represents a number. To solve an algebraic equation, inverse operations are used. Algebraic inequalities are mathematical equations that compare two quantities using greater than, >; greater than or equal to, ≥; less than, <; and less than or equal to, ≤. When multiplying or dividing by a negative number occurs, the inequality sign is reversed from the original inequality sign in order for the inequality to be correct. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

MA.8.2.2.b. Solve two-step inequalities involving rational numbers and represent solutions on a number line.

MA.8.2.3. Applications: Students will solve real-world problems involving multi-step equations and multi-step inequalities.

MA.8.2.3.a. Describe and write equations from words, patterns, and tables.

MA.8.2.3.b. Write a multi-step equation to represent real-world problems using rational numbers in any form.

NE.MA.8.3. GEOMETRY: Students will communicate geometric concepts and measurement concepts using multiple representations to reason, solve problems, and make connections within mathematics and across disciplines.

MA.8.3.2. Coordinate Geometry: Students will determine location, orientation, and relationships on the coordinate plane.

MA.8.3.2.a. Perform and describe positions and orientation of shapes under single transformations including rotations (in multiples of 90 degrees about the origin), translations, reflections, and dilations on and off the coordinate plane.

Patterns in geometryPatterns in geometry refer to shapes and their measures. Shapes can be congruent to one another. Shapes can also be manipulated to form similar shapes. The types of transformations are reflection, rotation, dilation and translation. With a reflection, a figure is reflected, or flipped, in a line so that the new figure is a mirror image on the other side of the line. A rotation rotates, or turns, a shape to make a new figure. A dilation shrinks or enlarges a figure. A translation shifts a figure to a new position. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Similarity and scaleSimilarity refers to similar figures and the ability to compare them using proportions. Similar figures have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1

MA.8.3.2.b. Find congruent two-dimensional figures and define congruence in terms of a series of transformations.

Plane Figures: Lines and AnglesPlane figures in regards to lines and angles refer to the coordinate plane and the various lines and angles within the coordinate plane. Lines in a coordinate plane can be parallel or perpendicular. Angles in a coordinate plane can be acute, obtuse, right or straight. Adjacent angles are two angles that have a common vertex and a common side but do not overlap. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Plane Figures: Closed Figure RelationshipsPlane figures in regards to closed figure relationships refer to the coordinate plane and congruent figures, circles, circle graphs, transformations and symmetry. Congruent figures have the same size and shape. Transformations are made up of translations, rotations and reflections. A translation of a figure keeps the size and shape of a figure, but moves it to a different location. A rotation turns a figure about a point on the figure. A reflection of a figure produces a mirror image of the figure when it is reflected in a given line. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

MA.8.3.2.c. Find similar two-dimensional figures and define similarity in terms of a series of transformations.

Geometric ProportionsGeometric proportions compare two similar polygons. Similar polygons have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1

Ratios, proportions and percentsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. There are 4 parts to a proportion and it can be solved when 3 of the 4 parts are known. Proportions can be solved using the Cross Product Property, which states that the cross products of a proportion are equal. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1

MA.8.3.3. Measurement: Students will perform and compare measurements and apply formulas.

MA.8.3.3.b. Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find side lengths of triangles and to solve real-world problems.

MA.8.3.3.c. Find the distance between any two points on the coordinate plane using the Pythagorean Theorem.

MA.8.3.3.d. Determine the volume of cones, cylinders, and spheres, and solve real-world problems using volumes.

Finding VolumeVolume measures the amount a solid figure can hold. Volume is measured in terms of cubed units and can be measured in inches, feet, meters, centimeters, and millimeters. The formula for the volume of a rectangular prism is V = l · w · h, where l is the length, w is the width, and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1

Three dimensional geometry/MeasurementThree-dimensional geometry/measurement refers to three-dimensional (3D) shapes and the measurement of their shapes concerning volume and surface area. The figures of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones and spheres are all 3D figures. Volume measures the amount a solid figure can hold. Volume is measured in terms of units³ and can be measured in inches, feet, meters, centimeters, and millimeters. Read more...iWorksheets :11Study Guides :1

NE.MA.8.4. DATA: Students will communicate data analysis/probability concepts using multiple representations to reason, solve problems, and make connections within mathematics and across disciplines.

MA.8.4.2. Analysis & Applications: Students will analyze data to address the situation.

MA.8.4.2.a. Solve problems and make predictions using an approximate line of best fit.

Linear relationshipsLinear relationships refer to two quantities that are related with a linear equation. Since a linear equation is a line, a linear relationship refers to two quantities on a line and their relationship to one another. This relationship can be direct or inverse. If y varies directly as x, it means if y is doubled, then x is doubled. The formula for a direct variation is y = kx, where k is the constant of variation. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

MA.8.4.3. Probability: Students will interpret and apply concepts of probability.

No additional indicator(s) at this level. Mastery is expected at previous grade levels.

Introduction to ProbabilityProbability is the possibility that a certain event will occur. An event that is certain to occur has a probability of 1. An event that cannot occur has a probability of 0. Therefore, the probability of an event occurring is always between 0 and 1. Probability word problems worksheets. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1

Using ProbabilityProbability is the possibility that a certain event will occur. Probability is the chance of an event occurring divided by the total number of possible outcomes. Probability is based on whether events are dependent or independent of each other. An independent event refers to the outcome of one event not affecting the outcome of another event. A dependent event is when the outcome of one event does affect the outcome of the other event. Probability word problems. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Experimental ProbabilityFreeExperimental probability is the probability that a certain outcome will occur based on an experiment being performed multiple times. Probability word problems worksheets. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Theoretical probability and countingProbability word problems worksheets. Theoretical probability is the probability that a certain outcome will occur based on all the possible outcomes. Sometimes, the number of ways that an event can happen depends on the order. A permutation is an arrangement of objects in which order matters. A combination is a set of objects in which order does not matter. Probability is also based on whether events are dependent or independent of each other. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Standards

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Nebraska Core Academic Content Standards 8th Grade Math Activities