Theoretical probability and countingProbability word problems worksheets. Theoretical probability is the probability that a certain outcome will occur based on all the possible outcomes. Sometimes, the number of ways that an event can happen depends on the order. A permutation is an arrangement of objects in which order matters. A combination is a set of objects in which order does not matter. Probability is also based on whether events are dependent or independent of each other. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1 Real numbersReal numbers are the set of rational and irrational numbers. The set of rational numbers includes integers, whole numbers, and natural numbers. A rational number is a number that can be made into a fraction. Decimals that repeat or terminate are rational because they can be changed into fractions. An irrational number is a number that cannot be made into a fraction. Decimals that do not repeat or end are irrational numbers. Read more...iWorksheets: 4Study Guides: 1 STEM.M. MATHEMATICS: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM)
NCTM.1. Number and Operations
1.1. Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems.
1.1.1. Work flexibly with fractions, decimals, and percents to solve problems.
Decimal OperationsDecimal operations refer to the mathematical operations that can be performed with decimals: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The process for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing decimals must be followed in order to achieve the correct answer. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Introduction to PercentWhat Is Percent? A percent is a term that describes a decimal in terms of one hundred. Percent means per hundred. Percents, fractions and decimals all can equal each other, as in the case of 10%, 0.1 and 1/10. Percents can be greater than 100% or smaller than 1%. A markup from the cost of making an item to the actual sales price is usually greater than 100%. A salesperson's commission might be 1/2% depending on the item sold. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Applying PercentsApplying percents is a term that refers to the different ways that percents can be used. The percent of change refers to the percent an amount either increases or decreases based on the previous amounts or numbers. Applying percents also means to calculate simple interest using the interest equation, I = P · r · t, where P is the principal; r is the rate and t is the time. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Rational numbers and operationsA rational number is a number that can be made into a fraction. Decimals that repeat or terminate are rational because they can be changed into fractions. A square root of a number is a number that when multiplied by itself will result in the original number. The square root of 4 is 2 because 2 · 2 = 4. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Numbers and percentsNumbers and percents refer to the relationship between fractions, decimals, and percents. A percent is a term that describes a decimal in terms of one hundred. Percent means per hundred. Percents, fractions and decimals all can equal each other, as in the case of 10%, 0.1 and 1/10. Fractions and decimals can easily be changed into percent. There are three cases of percent. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Applications of percentPercent increase or decrease can be found by using the formula: percent of change = actual change/original amount. The change is either an increase, if the amounts went up or a decrease if the amounts went down. If a number changes from 33 to 89, the percent of increase would be: Percent of increase = (89 -33) ÷ 33 = 56 ÷ 33 ≈ 1.6969 ≈ 170% Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 1.1.2. Compare and order fractions, decimals, and percents efficiently and find their approximate locations on a number line.
Exponents, Factors and FractionsFreeIn a mathematical expression where the same number is multiplied many times, it is often useful to write the number as a base with an exponent. Exponents are also used to evaluate numbers. Any number to a zero exponent is 1 and any number to a negative exponent is a number less than 1. Exponents are used in scientific notation to make very large or very small numbers easier to write. Read more...iWorksheets :8Study Guides :1 1.1.3. Develop meaning for percents greater than 100 and less than 1.
Introduction to PercentWhat Is Percent? A percent is a term that describes a decimal in terms of one hundred. Percent means per hundred. Percents, fractions and decimals all can equal each other, as in the case of 10%, 0.1 and 1/10. Percents can be greater than 100% or smaller than 1%. A markup from the cost of making an item to the actual sales price is usually greater than 100%. A salesperson's commission might be 1/2% depending on the item sold. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 1.1.4. Understand and use ratios and proportions to represent quantitative relationships.
Numerical ProportionsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. The numbers can have the same units such as a ratio or the numbers can have different units such as rates. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. Ratios are used to compare objects, wins and losses, sides of a figure to its area and many more. Rates are used to compare miles per hour, words per minute, and many others. A unit rate is when the denominator of a proportion is one. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Ratios, proportions and percentsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. There are 4 parts to a proportion and it can be solved when 3 of the 4 parts are known. Proportions can be solved using the Cross Product Property, which states that the cross products of a proportion are equal. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Similarity and scaleSimilarity refers to similar figures and the ability to compare them using proportions. Similar figures have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Numbers and percentsNumbers and percents refer to the relationship between fractions, decimals, and percents. A percent is a term that describes a decimal in terms of one hundred. Percent means per hundred. Percents, fractions and decimals all can equal each other, as in the case of 10%, 0.1 and 1/10. Fractions and decimals can easily be changed into percent. There are three cases of percent. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 1.1.5. Develop an understanding of large numbers and recognize and appropriately use exponential, scientific, and calculator notation.
Exponents, Factors and FractionsFreeIn a mathematical expression where the same number is multiplied many times, it is often useful to write the number as a base with an exponent. Exponents are also used to evaluate numbers. Any number to a zero exponent is 1 and any number to a negative exponent is a number less than 1. Exponents are used in scientific notation to make very large or very small numbers easier to write. Read more...iWorksheets :8Study Guides :1 Polynomials and ExponentsFreeA polynomial is an expression which is in the form of ax<sup>n</sup>, where a is any real number and n is a whole number. If a polynomial has only one term, it is called a monomial. If it has two terms, it is a binomial and if it has three terms, it is a trinomial. The standard form of a polynomial is when the powers of the variables are decreasing from left to right. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 1.1.6. Use factors, multiples, prime factorization, and relatively prime numbers to solve problems.
Exponents, Factors and FractionsFreeIn a mathematical expression where the same number is multiplied many times, it is often useful to write the number as a base with an exponent. Exponents are also used to evaluate numbers. Any number to a zero exponent is 1 and any number to a negative exponent is a number less than 1. Exponents are used in scientific notation to make very large or very small numbers easier to write. Read more...iWorksheets :8Study Guides :1 1.1.7. Develop meaning for integers and represent and compare quantities with them.
Using IntegersIntegers are negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. To compare integers, a number line can be used. On a number line, negative integers are on the left side of zero with the larger a negative number, the farther to the left it is. Positive
integers are on the right side of zero on the number line. If a number is to the left of another number it is said to be less than that number. In the coordinate plane, the x-axis is a horizontal line with negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Decimal OperationsDecimal operations refer to the mathematical operations that can be performed with decimals: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The process for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing decimals must be followed in order to achieve the correct answer. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Integer operationsInteger operations are the mathematical operations that involve integers. Integers are negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. Adding and subtracting integers are useful in everyday life because there are many situations that involved negative numbers such as calculating sea level or temperatures. Equations with integers are solved using inverse operations. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations, and multiplication and division are inverse operations of each other. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 1.2. Understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another.
1.2.1. Understand the meaning and effects of arithmetic operations with fractions, decimals, and integers.
Decimal OperationsDecimal operations refer to the mathematical operations that can be performed with decimals: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The process for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing decimals must be followed in order to achieve the correct answer. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Integer operationsInteger operations are the mathematical operations that involve integers. Integers are negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. Adding and subtracting integers are useful in everyday life because there are many situations that involved negative numbers such as calculating sea level or temperatures. Equations with integers are solved using inverse operations. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations, and multiplication and division are inverse operations of each other. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Rational numbers and operationsA rational number is a number that can be made into a fraction. Decimals that repeat or terminate are rational because they can be changed into fractions. A square root of a number is a number that when multiplied by itself will result in the original number. The square root of 4 is 2 because 2 · 2 = 4. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 1.2.2. Use the associative and commutative properties of addition and multiplication and the distributive property of multiplication over addition to simplify computations with integers, fractions, and decimals.
Using IntegersIntegers are negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. To compare integers, a number line can be used. On a number line, negative integers are on the left side of zero with the larger a negative number, the farther to the left it is. Positive
integers are on the right side of zero on the number line. If a number is to the left of another number it is said to be less than that number. In the coordinate plane, the x-axis is a horizontal line with negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 1.3. Compute fluently and make reasonable estimates.
1.3.1. Select appropriate methods and tools for computing with fractions and decimals from among mental computation, estimation, calculators or computers, and paper and pencil, depending on the situation, and apply the selected methods.
Decimal OperationsDecimal operations refer to the mathematical operations that can be performed with decimals: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The process for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing decimals must be followed in order to achieve the correct answer. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Rational numbers and operationsA rational number is a number that can be made into a fraction. Decimals that repeat or terminate are rational because they can be changed into fractions. A square root of a number is a number that when multiplied by itself will result in the original number. The square root of 4 is 2 because 2 · 2 = 4. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 1.3.2. Develop and analyze algorithms for computing with fractions, decimals, and integers and develop fluency in their use.
Using IntegersIntegers are negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. To compare integers, a number line can be used. On a number line, negative integers are on the left side of zero with the larger a negative number, the farther to the left it is. Positive
integers are on the right side of zero on the number line. If a number is to the left of another number it is said to be less than that number. In the coordinate plane, the x-axis is a horizontal line with negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Decimal OperationsDecimal operations refer to the mathematical operations that can be performed with decimals: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The process for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing decimals must be followed in order to achieve the correct answer. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Fraction OperationsFraction operations are the processes of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing fractions and mixed numbers. A mixed number is a fraction with a whole number. Adding fractions is common in many everyday events, such as making a recipe and measuring wood. In order to add and subtract fractions, the fractions must have the same denominator. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Integer operationsInteger operations are the mathematical operations that involve integers. Integers are negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. Adding and subtracting integers are useful in everyday life because there are many situations that involved negative numbers such as calculating sea level or temperatures. Equations with integers are solved using inverse operations. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations, and multiplication and division are inverse operations of each other. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Rational numbers and operationsA rational number is a number that can be made into a fraction. Decimals that repeat or terminate are rational because they can be changed into fractions. A square root of a number is a number that when multiplied by itself will result in the original number. The square root of 4 is 2 because 2 · 2 = 4. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 1.3.4. Develop, analyze, and explain methods for solving problems involving proportions, such as scaling and finding equivalent ratios.
Numerical ProportionsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. The numbers can have the same units such as a ratio or the numbers can have different units such as rates. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. Ratios are used to compare objects, wins and losses, sides of a figure to its area and many more. Rates are used to compare miles per hour, words per minute, and many others. A unit rate is when the denominator of a proportion is one. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Geometric ProportionsGeometric proportions compare two similar polygons. Similar polygons have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Ratios, proportions and percentsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. There are 4 parts to a proportion and it can be solved when 3 of the 4 parts are known. Proportions can be solved using the Cross Product Property, which states that the cross products of a proportion are equal. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Similarity and scaleSimilarity refers to similar figures and the ability to compare them using proportions. Similar figures have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Numbers and percentsNumbers and percents refer to the relationship between fractions, decimals, and percents. A percent is a term that describes a decimal in terms of one hundred. Percent means per hundred. Percents, fractions and decimals all can equal each other, as in the case of 10%, 0.1 and 1/10. Fractions and decimals can easily be changed into percent. There are three cases of percent. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 NCTM.2. Algebra
2.1. Understand patterns, relations, and functions.
2.1.1. Represent, analyze, and generalize a variety of patterns with tables, graphs, words, and, when possible, symbolic rules.
Introduction to FunctionsA function is a rule that is performed on a number, called an input, to produce a result called an output. The rule consists of one or more mathematical operations that are performed on the input. An example of a function is y = 2x + 3, where x is the input and y is the output. The operations of multiplication and addition are performed on the input, x, to produce the output, y. By substituting a number for x, an output can be determined. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 SequencesA sequence is an ordered list of numbers. Sequences are the result of a pattern or rule. A pattern or rule can be every other number or some formula such as y = 2x + 3. When a pattern or rule is given, a sequence can be found. When a sequence is given, the pattern or rule can be found. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1 2.2. Represent and analyze mathematical situations and structures using algebraic symbols.
2.2.1. Develop an initial conceptual understanding of different uses of variables.
Introduction to AlgebraAlgebra is the practice of using expressions with letters or variables that represent numbers. Words can be changed into a mathematical expression by using the words, plus, exceeds, diminished, less, times, the product, divided, the quotient and many more. Algebra uses variables to represent a value that is not yet known. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Solving equations and inequalitiesAlgebraic equations are mathematical equations that contain a letter or variable which represents a number. To solve an algebraic equation, inverse operations are used. Algebraic inequalities are mathematical equations that compare two quantities using greater than, >; greater than or equal to, ≥; less than, <; and less than or equal to, ≤. When multiplying or dividing by a negative number occurs, the inequality sign is reversed from the original inequality sign in order for the inequality to be correct. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 2.2.2. Explore relationships between symbolic expressions and graphs of lines, paying particular attention to the meaning of intercept and slope.
Introduction to FunctionsA function is a rule that is performed on a number, called an input, to produce a result called an output. The rule consists of one or more mathematical operations that are performed on the input. An example of a function is y = 2x + 3, where x is the input and y is the output. The operations of multiplication and addition are performed on the input, x, to produce the output, y. By substituting a number for x, an output can be determined. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Nonlinear Functions and Set TheoryA function can be in the form of y = mx + b. This is an equation of a line, so it is said to be a linear function. Nonlinear functions are functions that are not straight lines. Some examples of nonlinear functions are exponential functions
and parabolic functions. An exponential function, y = aˆx, is a curved line that gets closer to but does not touch the x-axis. A parabolic function, y = ax² + bx +c, is a U-shaped line that can either be facing up or facing down. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1 Linear equationsLinear equations are equations that have two variables and when graphed are a straight line. Linear equation can be graphed based on their slope and y-intercept. The standard equation for a line is y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. Slope can be found with the formula m = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1), which represents the change in y over the change in x. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 2.2.3. Use symbolic algebra to represent situations and to solve problems, especially those that involve linear relationships.
Introduction to AlgebraAlgebra is the practice of using expressions with letters or variables that represent numbers. Words can be changed into a mathematical expression by using the words, plus, exceeds, diminished, less, times, the product, divided, the quotient and many more. Algebra uses variables to represent a value that is not yet known. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Equations and InequalitiesAlgebraic equations are mathematical equations that contain a letter or variable, which represents a number. To solve an algebraic equation, inverse operations are used. The inverse operation of addition is subtraction and the inverse operation of subtraction is addition. Inequalities are mathematical equations that compare two quantities using greater than, >; greater than or equal to ≥; less than, <; and less than or equal to, ≤. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 Algebraic InequalitiesFreeAlgebraic inequalities are mathematical equations that compare two quantities using these criteria: greater than, less than, less than or equal to, greater than or equal to. The only rule of inequalities that must be remembered is that when a variable is multiplied or divided by a negative number the sign is reversed. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Equations and inequalitiesAn equation is mathematical statement that shows that two expressions are equal to each other. The expressions used in an equation can contain variables or numbers. Inequalities are mathematical equations that compare two quantities using greater than, >; greater than or equal to ≥; less than, <; and less than or equal to, ≤. Inequalities are also solved by using inverse operations. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Solving linear equationsWhen graphed, a linear equation is a straight line. Although the standard equation for a line is y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept, linear equations often have both of the variables on the same side of the equal sign. Linear equations can be solved for one variable when the other variable is given. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1 2.2.4. Recognize and generate equivalent forms for simple algebraic expressions and solve linear equations
Introduction to AlgebraAlgebra is the practice of using expressions with letters or variables that represent numbers. Words can be changed into a mathematical expression by using the words, plus, exceeds, diminished, less, times, the product, divided, the quotient and many more. Algebra uses variables to represent a value that is not yet known. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Equations and InequalitiesAlgebraic equations are mathematical equations that contain a letter or variable, which represents a number. To solve an algebraic equation, inverse operations are used. The inverse operation of addition is subtraction and the inverse operation of subtraction is addition. Inequalities are mathematical equations that compare two quantities using greater than, >; greater than or equal to ≥; less than, <; and less than or equal to, ≤. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 Equations and inequalitiesAn equation is mathematical statement that shows that two expressions are equal to each other. The expressions used in an equation can contain variables or numbers. Inequalities are mathematical equations that compare two quantities using greater than, >; greater than or equal to ≥; less than, <; and less than or equal to, ≤. Inequalities are also solved by using inverse operations. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Integer operationsInteger operations are the mathematical operations that involve integers. Integers are negative numbers, zero and positive numbers. Adding and subtracting integers are useful in everyday life because there are many situations that involved negative numbers such as calculating sea level or temperatures. Equations with integers are solved using inverse operations. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations, and multiplication and division are inverse operations of each other. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 2.3. Use mathematical models to represent and understand quantitative relationships.
2.3.1. Model and solve contextualized problems using various representations, such as graphs, tables, and equations.
Algebraic EquationsWhat are algebraic equations? Algebraic equations are mathematical quations that contain a letter or variable, which represents a number. When algebraic equations are written in words, the words must be changed into the appropriate numbers and variable in order to solve. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1 2.4. Analyze change in various contexts.
2.4.1. Use graphs to analyze the nature of changes in quantities in linear relationships.
Nonlinear Functions and Set TheoryA function can be in the form of y = mx + b. This is an equation of a line, so it is said to be a linear function. Nonlinear functions are functions that are not straight lines. Some examples of nonlinear functions are exponential functions
and parabolic functions. An exponential function, y = aˆx, is a curved line that gets closer to but does not touch the x-axis. A parabolic function, y = ax² + bx +c, is a U-shaped line that can either be facing up or facing down. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1 NCTM.3. Geometry
3.1. Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships.
3.1.1. Precisely describe, classify, and understand relationships among types of two- and three-dimensional objects using their defining properties.
Plane Figures: Lines and AnglesPlane figures in regards to lines and angles refer to the coordinate plane and the various lines and angles within the coordinate plane. Lines in a coordinate plane can be parallel or perpendicular. Angles in a coordinate plane can be acute, obtuse, right or straight. Adjacent angles are two angles that have a common vertex and a common side but do not overlap. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Plane Figures: Closed Figure RelationshipsPlane figures in regards to closed figure relationships refer to the coordinate plane and congruent figures, circles, circle graphs, transformations and symmetry. Congruent figures have the same size and shape. Transformations are made up of translations, rotations and reflections. A translation of a figure keeps the size and shape of a figure, but moves it to a different location. A rotation turns a figure about a point on the figure. A reflection of a figure produces a mirror image of the figure when it is reflected in a given line. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Exploring Area and Surface AreaArea is the amount of surface a shape covers. Area is measured in square units, whether the units are inches, feet, meters or centimeters. The area formula for a triangle is: A = 1/2 · b · h, where b is the base and h is the height. The area formula for a circle is: A = π · r², where π is usually 3.14 and r is the radius of the circle. The area formula for a parallelogram is: A = b · h, where b is the
base and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Finding VolumeVolume measures the amount a solid figure can hold. Volume is measured in terms of cubed units and can be measured in inches, feet, meters, centimeters, and millimeters. The formula for the volume of a rectangular prism is V = l · w · h, where l is the length, w is the width, and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Plane figuresPlane figures refer to points, lines, angles, and planes in the coordinate plane. Lines can be parallel or perpendicular. Angles can be categorized as acute, obtuse or right. Angles can also be complementary or supplementary depending on how many degrees they add up to. Plane figures can also refer to shapes in the coordinate plane. Triangles, quadrilaterals and other polygons can be shown in the coordinate plane. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Perimeter and areaWhat Is Perimeter and Area? Perimeter is the measurement of the distance around a figure. It is measured in units and can be measured by inches, feet, blocks, meters, centimeters or millimeters. To find the perimeter of any figure, simply add up the measures of the sides of the figure. Area is the amount of surface a shape covers. Area is measured in square units, whether the units are inches, feet, meters or centimeters. The area formula for a parallelogram is: A = b · h, where b is the base and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Three dimensional geometry/MeasurementThree-dimensional geometry/measurement refers to three-dimensional (3D) shapes and the measurement of their shapes concerning volume and surface area. The figures of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones and spheres are all 3D figures. Volume measures the amount a solid figure can hold. Volume is measured in terms of units³ and can be measured in inches, feet, meters, centimeters, and millimeters. Read more...iWorksheets :11Study Guides :1 3.1.2. Understand relationships among the angles, side lengths, perimeters, areas, and volumes of similar objects.
Geometric ProportionsGeometric proportions compare two similar polygons. Similar polygons have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Ratios, proportions and percentsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. There are 4 parts to a proportion and it can be solved when 3 of the 4 parts are known. Proportions can be solved using the Cross Product Property, which states that the cross products of a proportion are equal. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Similarity and scaleSimilarity refers to similar figures and the ability to compare them using proportions. Similar figures have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 3.1.3. Create and critique inductive and deductive arguments concerning geometric ideas and relationships, such as congruence, similarity, and the Pythagorean relationship.
Geometric ProportionsGeometric proportions compare two similar polygons. Similar polygons have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Plane Figures: Lines and AnglesPlane figures in regards to lines and angles refer to the coordinate plane and the various lines and angles within the coordinate plane. Lines in a coordinate plane can be parallel or perpendicular. Angles in a coordinate plane can be acute, obtuse, right or straight. Adjacent angles are two angles that have a common vertex and a common side but do not overlap. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Plane Figures: Closed Figure RelationshipsPlane figures in regards to closed figure relationships refer to the coordinate plane and congruent figures, circles, circle graphs, transformations and symmetry. Congruent figures have the same size and shape. Transformations are made up of translations, rotations and reflections. A translation of a figure keeps the size and shape of a figure, but moves it to a different location. A rotation turns a figure about a point on the figure. A reflection of a figure produces a mirror image of the figure when it is reflected in a given line. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 The Pythagorean TheoremPythagorean Theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry. It states the sum of the squares of the legs of a right triangle equals the square of the length
of the hypotenuse. Determine the distance between two points using the Pythagorean Theorem. Read more...iWorksheets :10Study Guides :2 Patterns in geometryPatterns in geometry refer to shapes and their measures. Shapes can be congruent to one another. Shapes can also be manipulated to form similar shapes. The types of transformations are reflection, rotation, dilation and translation. With a reflection, a figure is reflected, or flipped, in a line so that the new figure is a mirror image on the other side of the line. A rotation rotates, or turns, a shape to make a new figure. A dilation shrinks or enlarges a figure. A translation shifts a figure to a new position. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Ratios, proportions and percentsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. There are 4 parts to a proportion and it can be solved when 3 of the 4 parts are known. Proportions can be solved using the Cross Product Property, which states that the cross products of a proportion are equal. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Similarity and scaleSimilarity refers to similar figures and the ability to compare them using proportions. Similar figures have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 3.2. Specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems.
3.2.1. Use coordinate geometry to represent and examine the properties of geometric shapes.
Plane figuresPlane figures refer to points, lines, angles, and planes in the coordinate plane. Lines can be parallel or perpendicular. Angles can be categorized as acute, obtuse or right. Angles can also be complementary or supplementary depending on how many degrees they add up to. Plane figures can also refer to shapes in the coordinate plane. Triangles, quadrilaterals and other polygons can be shown in the coordinate plane. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 3.2.2. Use coordinate geometry to examine special geometric shapes, such as regular polygons or those with pairs of parallel or perpendicular sides.
Plane figuresPlane figures refer to points, lines, angles, and planes in the coordinate plane. Lines can be parallel or perpendicular. Angles can be categorized as acute, obtuse or right. Angles can also be complementary or supplementary depending on how many degrees they add up to. Plane figures can also refer to shapes in the coordinate plane. Triangles, quadrilaterals and other polygons can be shown in the coordinate plane. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 3.3. Apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations.
3.3.1. Describe sizes, positions, and orientations of shapes under informal transformations such as flips, turns, slides, and scaling.
Patterns in geometryPatterns in geometry refer to shapes and their measures. Shapes can be congruent to one another. Shapes can also be manipulated to form similar shapes. The types of transformations are reflection, rotation, dilation and translation. With a reflection, a figure is reflected, or flipped, in a line so that the new figure is a mirror image on the other side of the line. A rotation rotates, or turns, a shape to make a new figure. A dilation shrinks or enlarges a figure. A translation shifts a figure to a new position. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Similarity and scaleSimilarity refers to similar figures and the ability to compare them using proportions. Similar figures have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 3.3.2. Examine the congruence, similarity, and line or rotational symmetry of objects using transformations.
Patterns in geometryPatterns in geometry refer to shapes and their measures. Shapes can be congruent to one another. Shapes can also be manipulated to form similar shapes. The types of transformations are reflection, rotation, dilation and translation. With a reflection, a figure is reflected, or flipped, in a line so that the new figure is a mirror image on the other side of the line. A rotation rotates, or turns, a shape to make a new figure. A dilation shrinks or enlarges a figure. A translation shifts a figure to a new position. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 3.4. Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems.
3.4.4. Use geometric models to represent and explain numerical and algebraic relationships.
Measurement, Perimeter, and CircumferenceThere are two systems used to measure objects, the U.S. Customary system and the metric system. The U.S. Customary system measures length in inches, feet, yards and miles. The metric system is a base ten system and measures length in kilometers, meters, and millimeters. Perimeter is the measurement of the distance around a figure. It is measured in units and can be measured by inches, feet, blocks, meters, centimeters or millimeters. To get the perimeter of any figure, simply add up the measures of the sides of the figure. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Exploring Area and Surface AreaArea is the amount of surface a shape covers. Area is measured in square units, whether the units are inches, feet, meters or centimeters. The area formula for a triangle is: A = 1/2 · b · h, where b is the base and h is the height. The area formula for a circle is: A = π · r², where π is usually 3.14 and r is the radius of the circle. The area formula for a parallelogram is: A = b · h, where b is the
base and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Finding VolumeVolume measures the amount a solid figure can hold. Volume is measured in terms of cubed units and can be measured in inches, feet, meters, centimeters, and millimeters. The formula for the volume of a rectangular prism is V = l · w · h, where l is the length, w is the width, and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Perimeter and areaWhat Is Perimeter and Area? Perimeter is the measurement of the distance around a figure. It is measured in units and can be measured by inches, feet, blocks, meters, centimeters or millimeters. To find the perimeter of any figure, simply add up the measures of the sides of the figure. Area is the amount of surface a shape covers. Area is measured in square units, whether the units are inches, feet, meters or centimeters. The area formula for a parallelogram is: A = b · h, where b is the base and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Three dimensional geometry/MeasurementThree-dimensional geometry/measurement refers to three-dimensional (3D) shapes and the measurement of their shapes concerning volume and surface area. The figures of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones and spheres are all 3D figures. Volume measures the amount a solid figure can hold. Volume is measured in terms of units³ and can be measured in inches, feet, meters, centimeters, and millimeters. Read more...iWorksheets :11Study Guides :1 NCTM.4. Measurement
4.1. Understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement.
4.1.3. Understand, select, and use units of appropriate size and type to measure angles, perimeter, area, surface area, and volume.
Plane Figures: Lines and AnglesPlane figures in regards to lines and angles refer to the coordinate plane and the various lines and angles within the coordinate plane. Lines in a coordinate plane can be parallel or perpendicular. Angles in a coordinate plane can be acute, obtuse, right or straight. Adjacent angles are two angles that have a common vertex and a common side but do not overlap. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 4.2. Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements.
4.2.2. Select and apply techniques and tools to accurately find length, area, volume, and angle measures to appropriate levels of precision.
Plane Figures: Lines and AnglesPlane figures in regards to lines and angles refer to the coordinate plane and the various lines and angles within the coordinate plane. Lines in a coordinate plane can be parallel or perpendicular. Angles in a coordinate plane can be acute, obtuse, right or straight. Adjacent angles are two angles that have a common vertex and a common side but do not overlap. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Measurement, Perimeter, and CircumferenceThere are two systems used to measure objects, the U.S. Customary system and the metric system. The U.S. Customary system measures length in inches, feet, yards and miles. The metric system is a base ten system and measures length in kilometers, meters, and millimeters. Perimeter is the measurement of the distance around a figure. It is measured in units and can be measured by inches, feet, blocks, meters, centimeters or millimeters. To get the perimeter of any figure, simply add up the measures of the sides of the figure. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Exploring Area and Surface AreaArea is the amount of surface a shape covers. Area is measured in square units, whether the units are inches, feet, meters or centimeters. The area formula for a triangle is: A = 1/2 · b · h, where b is the base and h is the height. The area formula for a circle is: A = π · r², where π is usually 3.14 and r is the radius of the circle. The area formula for a parallelogram is: A = b · h, where b is the
base and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Finding VolumeVolume measures the amount a solid figure can hold. Volume is measured in terms of cubed units and can be measured in inches, feet, meters, centimeters, and millimeters. The formula for the volume of a rectangular prism is V = l · w · h, where l is the length, w is the width, and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Perimeter and areaWhat Is Perimeter and Area? Perimeter is the measurement of the distance around a figure. It is measured in units and can be measured by inches, feet, blocks, meters, centimeters or millimeters. To find the perimeter of any figure, simply add up the measures of the sides of the figure. Area is the amount of surface a shape covers. Area is measured in square units, whether the units are inches, feet, meters or centimeters. The area formula for a parallelogram is: A = b · h, where b is the base and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Three dimensional geometry/MeasurementThree-dimensional geometry/measurement refers to three-dimensional (3D) shapes and the measurement of their shapes concerning volume and surface area. The figures of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones and spheres are all 3D figures. Volume measures the amount a solid figure can hold. Volume is measured in terms of units³ and can be measured in inches, feet, meters, centimeters, and millimeters. Read more...iWorksheets :11Study Guides :1 4.2.3. Develop and use formulas to determine the circumference of circles and the area of triangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and circles and develop strategies to find the area of more-complex shapes.
Measurement, Perimeter, and CircumferenceThere are two systems used to measure objects, the U.S. Customary system and the metric system. The U.S. Customary system measures length in inches, feet, yards and miles. The metric system is a base ten system and measures length in kilometers, meters, and millimeters. Perimeter is the measurement of the distance around a figure. It is measured in units and can be measured by inches, feet, blocks, meters, centimeters or millimeters. To get the perimeter of any figure, simply add up the measures of the sides of the figure. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Exploring Area and Surface AreaArea is the amount of surface a shape covers. Area is measured in square units, whether the units are inches, feet, meters or centimeters. The area formula for a triangle is: A = 1/2 · b · h, where b is the base and h is the height. The area formula for a circle is: A = π · r², where π is usually 3.14 and r is the radius of the circle. The area formula for a parallelogram is: A = b · h, where b is the
base and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Perimeter and areaWhat Is Perimeter and Area? Perimeter is the measurement of the distance around a figure. It is measured in units and can be measured by inches, feet, blocks, meters, centimeters or millimeters. To find the perimeter of any figure, simply add up the measures of the sides of the figure. Area is the amount of surface a shape covers. Area is measured in square units, whether the units are inches, feet, meters or centimeters. The area formula for a parallelogram is: A = b · h, where b is the base and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 4.2.4. Develop strategies to determine the surface area and volume of selected prisms, pyramids, and cylinders.
Exploring Area and Surface AreaArea is the amount of surface a shape covers. Area is measured in square units, whether the units are inches, feet, meters or centimeters. The area formula for a triangle is: A = 1/2 · b · h, where b is the base and h is the height. The area formula for a circle is: A = π · r², where π is usually 3.14 and r is the radius of the circle. The area formula for a parallelogram is: A = b · h, where b is the
base and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Finding VolumeVolume measures the amount a solid figure can hold. Volume is measured in terms of cubed units and can be measured in inches, feet, meters, centimeters, and millimeters. The formula for the volume of a rectangular prism is V = l · w · h, where l is the length, w is the width, and h is the height. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Three dimensional geometry/MeasurementThree-dimensional geometry/measurement refers to three-dimensional (3D) shapes and the measurement of their shapes concerning volume and surface area. The figures of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones and spheres are all 3D figures. Volume measures the amount a solid figure can hold. Volume is measured in terms of units³ and can be measured in inches, feet, meters, centimeters, and millimeters. Read more...iWorksheets :11Study Guides :1 4.2.5. Solve problems involving scale factors, using ratio and proportion.
Geometric ProportionsGeometric proportions compare two similar polygons. Similar polygons have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Ratios, proportions and percentsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. There are 4 parts to a proportion and it can be solved when 3 of the 4 parts are known. Proportions can be solved using the Cross Product Property, which states that the cross products of a proportion are equal. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Similarity and scaleSimilarity refers to similar figures and the ability to compare them using proportions. Similar figures have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 4.2.6. Solve simple problems involving rates and derived measurements for such attributes as velocity and density.
Numerical ProportionsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. The numbers can have the same units such as a ratio or the numbers can have different units such as rates. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. Ratios are used to compare objects, wins and losses, sides of a figure to its area and many more. Rates are used to compare miles per hour, words per minute, and many others. A unit rate is when the denominator of a proportion is one. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Ratios, proportions and percentsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. There are 4 parts to a proportion and it can be solved when 3 of the 4 parts are known. Proportions can be solved using the Cross Product Property, which states that the cross products of a proportion are equal. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 NCTM.5. Data Analysis and Probability
5.1. Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize, and display relevant data to answer them.
5.1.1. Formulate questions, design studies, and collect data about a characteristic shared by two populations or different characteristics within one population.
Collecting and describing dataCollecting and describing data refers to the different ways to gather data and the different ways to arrange data whether it is in a table, graph, or pie chart. Data can be collected by either taking a sample of a population or by conducting a survey. Describing data looks at data after it has been organized and makes conclusions about the data. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Experimental ProbabilityFreeExperimental probability is the probability that a certain outcome will occur based on an experiment being performed multiple times. Probability word problems worksheets. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 5.1.2. Select, create, and use appropriate graphical representations of data, including histograms, box plots, and scatterplots.
Analyzing, Graphing and Displaying DataThere are many types of graphs such as, bar graphs, histograms and line graphs. A bar graph compares data in categories and uses bars, either vertical or horizontal. A histogram is similar to a bar graph, but with histograms the bars touch each other where with bar graphs the bars do not touch each other. A line graph is useful for graphing how data changes over time. With a line graph, data is plotted as points and lines are drawn to connect the points to show how the data changes. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 Using graphs to analyze dataThere are different types of graphs and ways that data can be analyzed using the graphs. Graphs are based on the coordinate plane. Data are the points on the plane. If collecting data about the ages of people living on one street, the data is all the ages. The data can then be organized into groups, and evaluated. Mean, mode and median are different ways to evaluate data. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Displaying dataDisplaying data refers to the many ways that data can be displayed whether it is on a bar graph, line graph, circle graph, pictograph, line plot, scatter plot or another way. Certain data is better displayed with different graphs as opposed to other graphs. E.g. if data representing the cost of a movie over the past 5 years were to be displayed, a line graph would be best. A circle graph would not be appropriate to use because a circle graph represents data that can add up to one or 100%. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 5.2. Select and use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data.
5.2.1. Find, use, and interpret measures of center and spread, including mean and interquartile range.
Organizing DataThe data can be organized into groups, and evaluated. Mean, mode, median and range are different ways to evaluate data. The mean is the average of the data. The mode refers to the number that occurs the most often in the data. The median is the middle number when the data is arranged in order from lowest to highest. The range is the difference in numbers when the lowest number is subtracted from the highest number. Data can be organized into a table, such as a frequency table. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Using graphs to analyze dataThere are different types of graphs and ways that data can be analyzed using the graphs. Graphs are based on the coordinate plane. Data are the points on the plane. If collecting data about the ages of people living on one street, the data is all the ages. The data can then be organized into groups, and evaluated. Mean, mode and median are different ways to evaluate data. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Collecting and describing dataCollecting and describing data refers to the different ways to gather data and the different ways to arrange data whether it is in a table, graph, or pie chart. Data can be collected by either taking a sample of a population or by conducting a survey. Describing data looks at data after it has been organized and makes conclusions about the data. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 5.2.2. Discuss and understand the correspondence between data sets and their graphical representations, especially histograms, stem-and-leaf plots, box plots, and scatterplots.
Analyzing, Graphing and Displaying DataThere are many types of graphs such as, bar graphs, histograms and line graphs. A bar graph compares data in categories and uses bars, either vertical or horizontal. A histogram is similar to a bar graph, but with histograms the bars touch each other where with bar graphs the bars do not touch each other. A line graph is useful for graphing how data changes over time. With a line graph, data is plotted as points and lines are drawn to connect the points to show how the data changes. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 Using graphs to analyze dataThere are different types of graphs and ways that data can be analyzed using the graphs. Graphs are based on the coordinate plane. Data are the points on the plane. If collecting data about the ages of people living on one street, the data is all the ages. The data can then be organized into groups, and evaluated. Mean, mode and median are different ways to evaluate data. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Displaying dataDisplaying data refers to the many ways that data can be displayed whether it is on a bar graph, line graph, circle graph, pictograph, line plot, scatter plot or another way. Certain data is better displayed with different graphs as opposed to other graphs. E.g. if data representing the cost of a movie over the past 5 years were to be displayed, a line graph would be best. A circle graph would not be appropriate to use because a circle graph represents data that can add up to one or 100%. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 5.3. Develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data.
5.3.2. Make conjectures about possible relationships between two characteristics of a sample on the basis of scatterplots of the data and approximate lines of fit.
Analyzing, Graphing and Displaying DataThere are many types of graphs such as, bar graphs, histograms and line graphs. A bar graph compares data in categories and uses bars, either vertical or horizontal. A histogram is similar to a bar graph, but with histograms the bars touch each other where with bar graphs the bars do not touch each other. A line graph is useful for graphing how data changes over time. With a line graph, data is plotted as points and lines are drawn to connect the points to show how the data changes. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 Using graphs to analyze dataThere are different types of graphs and ways that data can be analyzed using the graphs. Graphs are based on the coordinate plane. Data are the points on the plane. If collecting data about the ages of people living on one street, the data is all the ages. The data can then be organized into groups, and evaluated. Mean, mode and median are different ways to evaluate data. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Displaying dataDisplaying data refers to the many ways that data can be displayed whether it is on a bar graph, line graph, circle graph, pictograph, line plot, scatter plot or another way. Certain data is better displayed with different graphs as opposed to other graphs. E.g. if data representing the cost of a movie over the past 5 years were to be displayed, a line graph would be best. A circle graph would not be appropriate to use because a circle graph represents data that can add up to one or 100%. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Linear relationshipsLinear relationships refer to two quantities that are related with a linear equation. Since a linear equation is a line, a linear relationship refers to two quantities on a line and their relationship to one another. This relationship can be direct or inverse. If y varies directly as x, it means if y is doubled, then x is doubled. The formula for a direct variation is y = kx, where k is the constant of variation. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 5.3.3. Use conjectures to formulate new questions and plan new studies to answer them.
Collecting and describing dataCollecting and describing data refers to the different ways to gather data and the different ways to arrange data whether it is in a table, graph, or pie chart. Data can be collected by either taking a sample of a population or by conducting a survey. Describing data looks at data after it has been organized and makes conclusions about the data. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Experimental ProbabilityFreeExperimental probability is the probability that a certain outcome will occur based on an experiment being performed multiple times. Probability word problems worksheets. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 5.4. Understand and apply basic concepts of probability
5.4.2. Use proportionality and a basic understanding of probability to make and test conjectures about the results of experiments and simulations.
Introduction to ProbabilityProbability is the possibility that a certain event will occur. An event that is certain to occur has a probability of 1. An event that cannot occur has a probability of 0. Therefore, the probability of an event occurring is always between 0 and 1. Probability word problems worksheets. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Experimental ProbabilityFreeExperimental probability is the probability that a certain outcome will occur based on an experiment being performed multiple times. Probability word problems worksheets. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 5.4.3. Compute probabilities for simple compound events, using such methods as organized lists, tree diagrams, and area models.
Using ProbabilityProbability is the possibility that a certain event will occur. Probability is the chance of an event occurring divided by the total number of possible outcomes. Probability is based on whether events are dependent or independent of each other. An independent event refers to the outcome of one event not affecting the outcome of another event. A dependent event is when the outcome of one event does affect the outcome of the other event. Probability word problems. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 NCTM.6. Problem Solving
6.1. Build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving.
Mathematical processesMathematical processes refer to the skills and strategies needed in order to solve mathematical problems. If one strategy does not help to find the solution to a problem, using another strategy may help to solve it. Problem solving skills refer to the math techniques that must be used to solve a problem. If a problem were to determine the perimeter of a square, a needed skill would be the knowledge of what perimeter means and the ability to add the numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 6.2. Solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts.
Mathematical processesMathematical processes refer to the skills and strategies needed in order to solve mathematical problems. If one strategy does not help to find the solution to a problem, using another strategy may help to solve it. Problem solving skills refer to the math techniques that must be used to solve a problem. If a problem were to determine the perimeter of a square, a needed skill would be the knowledge of what perimeter means and the ability to add the numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 6.3. Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems.
Mathematical processesMathematical processes refer to the skills and strategies needed in order to solve mathematical problems. If one strategy does not help to find the solution to a problem, using another strategy may help to solve it. Problem solving skills refer to the math techniques that must be used to solve a problem. If a problem were to determine the perimeter of a square, a needed skill would be the knowledge of what perimeter means and the ability to add the numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 NCTM.7. Reasoning and Proof
7.1. Recognize reasoning and proof as fundamental aspects of mathematics.
Mathematical processesMathematical processes refer to the skills and strategies needed in order to solve mathematical problems. If one strategy does not help to find the solution to a problem, using another strategy may help to solve it. Problem solving skills refer to the math techniques that must be used to solve a problem. If a problem were to determine the perimeter of a square, a needed skill would be the knowledge of what perimeter means and the ability to add the numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 7.2. Make and investigate mathematical conjectures.
Mathematical processesMathematical processes refer to the skills and strategies needed in order to solve mathematical problems. If one strategy does not help to find the solution to a problem, using another strategy may help to solve it. Problem solving skills refer to the math techniques that must be used to solve a problem. If a problem were to determine the perimeter of a square, a needed skill would be the knowledge of what perimeter means and the ability to add the numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 7.3. Develop and evaluate mathematical arguments and proofs.
Mathematical processesMathematical processes refer to the skills and strategies needed in order to solve mathematical problems. If one strategy does not help to find the solution to a problem, using another strategy may help to solve it. Problem solving skills refer to the math techniques that must be used to solve a problem. If a problem were to determine the perimeter of a square, a needed skill would be the knowledge of what perimeter means and the ability to add the numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 7.4. Select and use various types of reasoning and methods of proof.
Mathematical processesMathematical processes refer to the skills and strategies needed in order to solve mathematical problems. If one strategy does not help to find the solution to a problem, using another strategy may help to solve it. Problem solving skills refer to the math techniques that must be used to solve a problem. If a problem were to determine the perimeter of a square, a needed skill would be the knowledge of what perimeter means and the ability to add the numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 NCTM.9. Connections
9.2. Understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole.
Mathematical processesMathematical processes refer to the skills and strategies needed in order to solve mathematical problems. If one strategy does not help to find the solution to a problem, using another strategy may help to solve it. Problem solving skills refer to the math techniques that must be used to solve a problem. If a problem were to determine the perimeter of a square, a needed skill would be the knowledge of what perimeter means and the ability to add the numbers. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 NCTM.11. Grade 8 Curriculum Focal Points
11.1. Algebra: Analyzing and representing linear functions and solving linear equations and systems of linear equations
11.1.1. Students use linear functions, linear equations, and systems of linear equations to represent, analyze, and solve a variety of problems. They recognize a proportion (y/x = k, or y = kx) as a special case of a linear equation of the form y = mx + b, understanding that the constant of proportionality (k) is the slope and the resulting graph is a line through the origin. Students understand that the slope (m) of a line is a constant rate of change, so if the input, or x-coordinate, changes by a specific amount, a, the output, or y-coordinate, changes by the amount ma. Students translate among verbal, tabular, graphical, and algebraic representations of functions (recognizing that tabular and graphical representations are usually only partial representations), and they describe how such aspects of a function as slope and y-intercept appear in different representations. Students solve systems of two linear equations in two variables and relate the systems to pairs of lines that intersect, are parallel, or are the same line, in the plane. Students use linear equations, systems of linear equations, linear functions, and their understanding of the slope of a line to analyze situations and solve problems.
Introduction to FunctionsA function is a rule that is performed on a number, called an input, to produce a result called an output. The rule consists of one or more mathematical operations that are performed on the input. An example of a function is y = 2x + 3, where x is the input and y is the output. The operations of multiplication and addition are performed on the input, x, to produce the output, y. By substituting a number for x, an output can be determined. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Linear equationsLinear equations are equations that have two variables and when graphed are a straight line. Linear equation can be graphed based on their slope and y-intercept. The standard equation for a line is y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. Slope can be found with the formula m = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1), which represents the change in y over the change in x. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 Linear relationshipsLinear relationships refer to two quantities that are related with a linear equation. Since a linear equation is a line, a linear relationship refers to two quantities on a line and their relationship to one another. This relationship can be direct or inverse. If y varies directly as x, it means if y is doubled, then x is doubled. The formula for a direct variation is y = kx, where k is the constant of variation. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 FunctionsFreeA function is a rule that is performed on a number, called an input, to produce a result called an output. The rule consists of one or more mathematical operations that are performed on the input. An example of a function is y = 2x + 3, where x is the input and y is the output. The operations of multiplication and addition are performed on the input, x, to produce the output, y. By substituting a number for x, an output can be determined. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1 11.2. Geometry and Measurement: Analyzing two- and three-dimensional space and figures by using distance and angle
11.2.1. Students use fundamental facts about distance and angles to describe and analyze figures and situations in two- and three-dimensional space and to solve problems, including those with multiple steps. They prove that particular configurations of lines give rise to similar triangles because of the congruent angles created when a transversal cuts parallel lines. Students apply this reasoning about similar triangles to solve a variety of problems, including those that ask them to find heights and distances. They use facts about the angles that are created when a transversal cuts parallel lines to explain why the sum of the measures of the angles in a triangle is 180 degrees, and they apply this fact about triangles to find unknown measures of angles. Students explain why the Pythagorean Theorem is valid by using a variety of methods - for example, by decomposing a square in two different ways. They apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find distances between points in the Cartesian coordinate plane to measure lengths and analyze polygons and polyhedra.
The Pythagorean TheoremPythagorean Theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry. It states the sum of the squares of the legs of a right triangle equals the square of the length
of the hypotenuse. Determine the distance between two points using the Pythagorean Theorem. Read more...iWorksheets :10Study Guides :2 Ratios, proportions and percentsNumerical proportions compare two numbers. A proportion is usually in the form of a:b or a/b. There are 4 parts to a proportion and it can be solved when 3 of the 4 parts are known. Proportions can be solved using the Cross Product Property, which states that the cross products of a proportion are equal. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Similarity and scaleSimilarity refers to similar figures and the ability to compare them using proportions. Similar figures have equal corresponding angles and corresponding sides that are in proportion. A proportion equation can be used to prove two figures to be similar. If two figures are similar, the proportion equation can be used to find a missing side of one of the figures. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 11.3. Data Analysis and Number and Operations and Algebra: Analyzing and summarizing data sets
11.3.1. Students use descriptive statistics, including mean, median, and range, to summarize and compare data sets, and they organize and display data to pose and answer questions. They compare the information provided by the mean and the median and investigate the different effects that changes in data values have on these measures of center. They understand that a measure of center alone does not thoroughly describe a data set because very different data sets can share the same measure of center. Students select the mean or the median as the appropriate measure of center for a given purpose.
Organizing DataThe data can be organized into groups, and evaluated. Mean, mode, median and range are different ways to evaluate data. The mean is the average of the data. The mode refers to the number that occurs the most often in the data. The median is the middle number when the data is arranged in order from lowest to highest. The range is the difference in numbers when the lowest number is subtracted from the highest number. Data can be organized into a table, such as a frequency table. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Using graphs to analyze dataThere are different types of graphs and ways that data can be analyzed using the graphs. Graphs are based on the coordinate plane. Data are the points on the plane. If collecting data about the ages of people living on one street, the data is all the ages. The data can then be organized into groups, and evaluated. Mean, mode and median are different ways to evaluate data. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Collecting and describing dataCollecting and describing data refers to the different ways to gather data and the different ways to arrange data whether it is in a table, graph, or pie chart. Data can be collected by either taking a sample of a population or by conducting a survey. Describing data looks at data after it has been organized and makes conclusions about the data. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Displaying dataDisplaying data refers to the many ways that data can be displayed whether it is on a bar graph, line graph, circle graph, pictograph, line plot, scatter plot or another way. Certain data is better displayed with different graphs as opposed to other graphs. E.g. if data representing the cost of a movie over the past 5 years were to be displayed, a line graph would be best. A circle graph would not be appropriate to use because a circle graph represents data that can add up to one or 100%. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 NCTM.12. Connections to the Grade 8 Focal Points
12.1. Algebra: Students encounter some nonlinear functions (such as the inverse proportions that they studied in grade 7 as well as basic quadratic and exponential functions) whose rates of change contrast with the constant rate of change of linear functions. They view arithmetic sequences, including those arising from patterns or problems, as linear functions whose inputs are counting numbers. They apply ideas about linear functions to solve problems involving rates such as motion at a constant speed.
Nonlinear Functions and Set TheoryA function can be in the form of y = mx + b. This is an equation of a line, so it is said to be a linear function. Nonlinear functions are functions that are not straight lines. Some examples of nonlinear functions are exponential functions
and parabolic functions. An exponential function, y = aˆx, is a curved line that gets closer to but does not touch the x-axis. A parabolic function, y = ax² + bx +c, is a U-shaped line that can either be facing up or facing down. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1 SequencesA sequence is an ordered list of numbers. Sequences are the result of a pattern or rule. A pattern or rule can be every other number or some formula such as y = 2x + 3. When a pattern or rule is given, a sequence can be found. When a sequence is given, the pattern or rule can be found. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1 FunctionsFreeA function is a rule that is performed on a number, called an input, to produce a result called an output. The rule consists of one or more mathematical operations that are performed on the input. An example of a function is y = 2x + 3, where x is the input and y is the output. The operations of multiplication and addition are performed on the input, x, to produce the output, y. By substituting a number for x, an output can be determined. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1 12.2. Geometry: Given a line in a coordinate plane, students understand that all ''slope triangles'' - triangles created by a vertical ''rise'' line segment (showing the change in y), a horizontal ''run'' line segment (showing the change in x), and a segment of the line itself - are similar. They also understand the relationship of these similar triangles to the constant slope of a line.
Introduction to FunctionsA function is a rule that is performed on a number, called an input, to produce a result called an output. The rule consists of one or more mathematical operations that are performed on the input. An example of a function is y = 2x + 3, where x is the input and y is the output. The operations of multiplication and addition are performed on the input, x, to produce the output, y. By substituting a number for x, an output can be determined. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Linear equationsLinear equations are equations that have two variables and when graphed are a straight line. Linear equation can be graphed based on their slope and y-intercept. The standard equation for a line is y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. Slope can be found with the formula m = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1), which represents the change in y over the change in x. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 12.3. Data Analysis: Building on their work in previous grades to organize and display data to pose and answer questions, students now see numerical data as an aggregate, which they can often summarize with one or several numbers. In addition to the median, students determine the 25th and 75th percentiles (1st and 3rd quartiles) to obtain information about the spread of data. They may use box-and-whisker plots to convey this information. Students make scatterplots to display bivariate data, and they informally estimate lines of best fit to make and test conjectures.
Organizing DataThe data can be organized into groups, and evaluated. Mean, mode, median and range are different ways to evaluate data. The mean is the average of the data. The mode refers to the number that occurs the most often in the data. The median is the middle number when the data is arranged in order from lowest to highest. The range is the difference in numbers when the lowest number is subtracted from the highest number. Data can be organized into a table, such as a frequency table. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Analyzing, Graphing and Displaying DataThere are many types of graphs such as, bar graphs, histograms and line graphs. A bar graph compares data in categories and uses bars, either vertical or horizontal. A histogram is similar to a bar graph, but with histograms the bars touch each other where with bar graphs the bars do not touch each other. A line graph is useful for graphing how data changes over time. With a line graph, data is plotted as points and lines are drawn to connect the points to show how the data changes. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 Using graphs to analyze dataThere are different types of graphs and ways that data can be analyzed using the graphs. Graphs are based on the coordinate plane. Data are the points on the plane. If collecting data about the ages of people living on one street, the data is all the ages. The data can then be organized into groups, and evaluated. Mean, mode and median are different ways to evaluate data. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1 Collecting and describing dataCollecting and describing data refers to the different ways to gather data and the different ways to arrange data whether it is in a table, graph, or pie chart. Data can be collected by either taking a sample of a population or by conducting a survey. Describing data looks at data after it has been organized and makes conclusions about the data. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 Displaying dataDisplaying data refers to the many ways that data can be displayed whether it is on a bar graph, line graph, circle graph, pictograph, line plot, scatter plot or another way. Certain data is better displayed with different graphs as opposed to other graphs. E.g. if data representing the cost of a movie over the past 5 years were to be displayed, a line graph would be best. A circle graph would not be appropriate to use because a circle graph represents data that can add up to one or 100%. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1 Linear relationshipsLinear relationships refer to two quantities that are related with a linear equation. Since a linear equation is a line, a linear relationship refers to two quantities on a line and their relationship to one another. This relationship can be direct or inverse. If y varies directly as x, it means if y is doubled, then x is doubled. The formula for a direct variation is y = kx, where k is the constant of variation. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1 12.4. Number and Operations: Students use exponents and scientific notation to describe very large and very small numbers. They use square roots when they apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
Exponents, Factors and FractionsFreeIn a mathematical expression where the same number is multiplied many times, it is often useful to write the number as a base with an exponent. Exponents are also used to evaluate numbers. Any number to a zero exponent is 1 and any number to a negative exponent is a number less than 1. Exponents are used in scientific notation to make very large or very small numbers easier to write. Read more...iWorksheets :8Study Guides :1 The Pythagorean TheoremPythagorean Theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry. It states the sum of the squares of the legs of a right triangle equals the square of the length
of the hypotenuse. Determine the distance between two points using the Pythagorean Theorem. Read more...iWorksheets :10Study Guides :2 Polynomials and ExponentsFreeA polynomial is an expression which is in the form of ax<sup>n</sup>, where a is any real number and n is a whole number. If a polynomial has only one term, it is called a monomial. If it has two terms, it is a binomial and if it has three terms, it is a trinomial. The standard form of a polynomial is when the powers of the variables are decreasing from left to right. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1 Standards
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