Kentucky Academic Standards for Second Grade English Language Arts

AbbreviationsFreeAn abbreviation is a shortened form of a longer word. Read more...iWorksheets: 9Study Guides: 1
Beginning DigraphsMany words begin with a digraph. That means two letters come together and make a brand new sound. You cannot sound out the word by using each letter’s sound because they have changed into a new sound. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Beginning, Middle, and EndWhy Do We Need to Learn about Beginning, Middle and End? When you read a good story, you enjoy it if it was written well. To write well, you should follow the rules of beginning, middle, and end to make it a good story. The writing process helps you have a good beginning, middle, and end. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Continuous Action (-ing)How do you add the ING suffix to verbs? We add -ing to many verbs. But to spell them correctly, you need to remember the rules. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Ending DigraphsSpelling is easy when you recognize special digraphs. Here are some words you should know that end with digraphs. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Past Tense (-ed)Past tense means something happened in the past. It could be many years ago, yesterday, or just a few minutes ago. Verbs change in special ways to show past tense. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Plural Ending -esPlural endings adding -es for words ending in sh, ch, x, and z. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Plural NounsWhat are plurals? Plurals are the words that change a noun to mean more than one. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Predicting EndingsWhat Does it Mean to Predict Endings? When you read, you try to make sense of what you are reading. When you write, you need to make sense in what you are writing. When you predict an ending, you try to think of the most sensible way for the story to end. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
R Controlled VowelsFreeWe know that the vowels a, e, i, o, and u can have a short or long sound. But when a vowel is followed by the letter r its sounds changes. Read more...iWorksheets: 5Study Guides: 1
Words with /k/What are the sounds of k? The letter k is the sound you hear when you say kiss, kid, and kind. Many words begin or end with the letter k. But the sound of /k/ is written in some different ways. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Words with Ending BlendsFreeWhat are some important ending blends? <br>If you know the following blends, it will help you spell and pronounce many words correctly. Practice saying these words aloud. Listen for the ending blends. Read more...iWorksheets: 4Study Guides: 1
Words with Initial BlendsA blend means two letters are read together to make a smooth sound. Each one still makes its own sound. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Challenge WordsWhat are some of the most difficult words a second grader must learn to spell? Here are some words you should know how to spell and some hints to help you remember. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
HomophonesWhat are Homophones? Homophones are words that sound exactly alike but are spelled differently and have different meanings. They are sometimes called homonyms. Read more...iWorksheets: 5Study Guides: 1
Mathematics VocabularyWords associated with addition, subtraction, comparing, money, fractions, and geometry. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Word FamiliesWhat is a Word Family? A word family is a group of words (or syllables) that all have the same vowel and ending sound. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Unnecessary InformationWhat is unnecessary information? When you write a paragraph, story, or report you must include all important information. Sometimes writers put in too much information. It is important to know what to include ad what to leave out. The unnecessary information is any part that does not belong. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Rhyming WordsTo rhyme, words must have the same vowel sound and the same ending sounds. Read more...iWorksheets: 7Study Guides: 1
High Frequency Words IWhat are High Frequency Words? High frequency words are the sight words you need to know instantly. You do not need to sound them out or look them up in a dictionary. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
High Frequency Words IIHigh frequency words are the words you need to recognize instantly. You do not have to figure them out, sound them out, or look them up in a dictionary. You just need to know them instantly. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
SyllablesFreeWhat are Syllables? Syllables are parts of words. Each part of a word has one vowel sound in it. Be careful! You may see more than one vowel letter, but still hear only one vowel sound. Read more...iWorksheets: 8Study Guides: 1
Sight Words IAppropriate words for spelling and definitions for 2nd graders. Read more...iWorksheets: 3
Sight Words IISight words are the words a second grader should be able to recognize instantly and spell easily. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Sight Words IIISight words are words a second grader should be able to read quickly and spell easily. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Sight Words IVWhat are sight words? Sight words are the words every second grader should be able to read quickly and spell easily. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1
Complete & Incomplete SentencesFreeA complete sentence begins with a capital, ends with punctuation, and makes sense. Any sentence that does not begin with a capital, end with correct punctuation, or make sense is incomplete. Read more...iWorksheets: 8Study Guides: 1
VerbsA verb is a word that shows action or state of being. Read more...iWorksheets: 7Study Guides: 1

Reading Foundational Skills—Grade 2

Phonics and Word Recognition

RF.2.3. Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.
RF.2.3.a. Distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words.
Long/Short VowelsWhat is meant by long or short vowels? Long vowels are the vowels that say their own names. Short vowel sounds do not say their names. Here’s a rule to help you know when to make a short vowel sound: A vowel is usually short if it comes at the beginning of a word or between two consonants and is the only vowel in the word or syllable. A vowel is usually long if two vowels are in the word or syllable. The first vowel is long and the second is silent. Remember when two vowels go walking, the first one does the talking. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1
Long and Short Vowel DiscriminationA vowel is long when it says its own name. In a dictionary or glossary it will have a straight line over it. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
Short Vowel DiscriminationDiscriminating between short vowel sounds with one syllable words. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1
Short Vowel SoundWhat is a Short Vowel? The vowels are the letters, a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y. Vowels make special sounds in words. They make a sound we call short. Look at these words. They all have the short vowel sound. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
RF.2.3.b. Know spelling-sound correspondences for additional common vowel teams.
Vowel DiphthongsFreeVowel diphthongs are vowel letters whose sounds blend smoothly together. The same sounds can be spelled using different letters. Read more...iWorksheets :25Study Guides :2
Vowel DigraphsFreeVowels are a, e, u, o, u, and sometimes y or w. When 2 vowels come together in a word that is a vowel digraph. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1
oo Vowel SoundWhat are the words with a double o sound as in moon? When you see oo together in a word, it usually has the sound you hear in “Moo” so put oo in when you spell them. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
RF.2.3.c. Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels.
PhonicsPhonics is a method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with symbols in an alphabetic writing system. Read more...iWorksheets :3
RF.2.3.d. Identify, decode and know the meaning of words with the most common prefixes and derivational suffixes.
Word Meaning with Prefixes/SuffixesPrefixes are letters placed before a root word which change the meaning of the root word. Suffixes are letters placed after the root word which change the meaning of the root word. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1
SuffixesA suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1
PrefixesA prefix is any letter or group of letters that is added to the front of a base word to change the meaning. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1
RF.2.3.f. Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words.
Frequently Misspelled WordsWords that are often misspelled and some hints to help you spell them. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Fluency

RF.2.4. Read fluently (accuracy, speed and prosody) on grade-level to support comprehension.
RF.2.4.a. Read grade-level text with purpose and understanding.
Periods and Question MarksA period is a special end mark for a sentence that tells. It looks like a round circle. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1
RF.2.4.c. Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.
Context CluesIdentify the meaning of unknown words by text surrounding word. Read more...iWorksheets :3
Context CluesWhat are Context Clues? When you are reading, you will come to words you do not know. You can learn the meaning of those words by looking for the clues in the sentence around that word. The clues will help you understand the meaning of the new word even if you cannot pronounce it. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Reading Standards for Literature—Grade 2

Key Ideas and Details

2 Students will determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; cite specific textual evidence, including summary, paraphrase and direct quotations, to support conclusions drawn from the text.
RL.2.2. Identify implicit and explicit information from a summary to determine the author’s message, lesson learned and/or moral, including but not limited to fables and folktales from diverse cultures.
Literary GenresLiterary genre is the grownup way of saying different kinds of writing. The word genre is pronounced zhan rah. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
GenreHistorical fiction, Science fiction, biography, autobiography, folktale, fairy tale, and poetry. Read more...iWorksheets :3
3 Students will analyze how and why individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.
RL.2.3. Describe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges in order to make meaning of the story development.
Literary ElementsIdentify and interpret plot, character, setting, events, character motivations and actions. Read more...iWorksheets :3
Story ElementsWhat are the Elements of a Story? Story elements are plot, setting, and characters. Use information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding of its characters, setting, or plot. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1

Craft and Structure

6 Students will analyze how point of view, perspective and purpose shape the content and style of a text.
RL.2.6. With prompting and support, acknowledge differences in the perspectives of characters, including by speaking in a different voice for each character when reading dialogue aloud, and how those perspectives shape the content of the text.
Literary ElementsIdentify and interpret plot, character, setting, events, character motivations and actions. Read more...iWorksheets :3
Story ElementsWhat are the Elements of a Story? Story elements are plot, setting, and characters. Use information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding of its characters, setting, or plot. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

10 Students will read, comprehend and analyze complex literary texts independently and proficiently.
RL.2.10. By the end of the year, flexibly use a variety of comprehension strategies (i.e., questioning, monitoring, visualizing, inferencing, summarizing, using prior knowledge, determining importance) to read, comprehend and analyze grade-level appropriate, complex literary texts independently and proficiently.
Story RetellRetell means "tell it again." When you hear or read a story, you try to remember the important parts. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
InferenceWhat is an Inference? An inference is a Reading skill. When the reader puts together his or her life experiences with the words of the author, he or she is using inferencing skills. A student who uses inferencing skills can read between the lines to figure out what the author means. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Reading Standards for Informational Text—Grade 2

Key Ideas and Details

1 Students will read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence to support conclusions drawn from the text.
RI.2.1. Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how, and make and support logical inferences to construct meaning from the text.
InferenceWhat is an Inference? An inference is a Reading skill. When the reader puts together his or her life experiences with the words of the author, he or she is using inferencing skills. A student who uses inferencing skills can read between the lines to figure out what the author means. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
2 Students will determine central ideas of a text and analyze their development; cite specific textual evidence, including summary, paraphrase and direct quotations to support conclusions drawn from the text.
RI.2.2. Identify implicit and explicit information from a summary to determine the central idea of a text.
Main Idea/Supporting DetailsMain idea, supporting details, and irrelevant details. Read more...iWorksheets :3
Main IdeaA main idea is the most important part of a sentence or story. It tells you what it's all about. When you write or read, you keep the main idea in mind. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
3 Students will analyze how and why individuals, events and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.
RI.2.3. Describe the connection between individuals, historical events, scientific ideas or concepts or steps in technical procedures over the course of a text.
Social Studies VocabularySpelling and vocabulary words for Grade Two Social Studies. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
Content VocabularySpelling in content areas including Math, Social Studies, Science, Technology, Art, and Music. Read more...iWorksheets :3
Science VocabularySpelling and vocabulary words for second grade science. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Craft and Structure

4 Students will interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone.
RI.2.4. Determine the meaning of general academic words and phrases and how those words and phrases shape meaning in a grade-level text.
Content VocabularySpelling in content areas including Math, Social Studies, Science, Technology, Art, and Music. Read more...iWorksheets :3
6 Students will analyze how point of view, perspective and purpose shape the content and style of a text.
RI.2.6. Identify the main purpose of a text, including what the author wants to answer, explain or describe, and how that purpose shapes the content of the text.
Author's Purposethe author's purpose is the reason that he or she had for writing the text. Some authors' purposes are to inform, entertain or persuade. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

7 Students will integrate and evaluate content presented in print/non-print forms of text found in diverse media and formats.
RI.2.7. Identify information gained from visuals and words in the text, and explain how that information contributes to understanding of the text.
Content VocabularySpelling in content areas including Math, Social Studies, Science, Technology, Art, and Music. Read more...iWorksheets :3
Finding InformationHow do Charts and Illustrations Help You? Charts and illustrations are special tools to help you find information easily. They are arranged in a way that puts all the information together so that it is clear and easy to read. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
Main IdeaWhat is a Main Idea in a Visual Message? Pictures and actions send messages without words. Here are some you should know. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

10 Students will read, comprehend and analyze complex informational texts independently and proficiently.
RI.2.10. By the end of the year, flexibly use a variety of comprehension strategies (i.e., questioning, monitoring, visualizing, inferencing, summarizing, using prior knowledge, determining importance) to read, comprehend and analyze grade-level appropriate, complex informational texts independently and proficiently.
InferenceWhat is an Inference? An inference is a Reading skill. When the reader puts together his or her life experiences with the words of the author, he or she is using inferencing skills. A student who uses inferencing skills can read between the lines to figure out what the author means. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

Composition—Grade 2

Text Types and Purposes

1 Students will compose arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
C.2.1. Compose opinion pieces, using a combination of writing and digital resources, on topics or texts, with supporting reasons.
C.2.1.f. With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and editing.
Writing ProcessPrewrite, draft, revise, proofread, and edit. Read more...iWorksheets :3
2 Students will compose informative and explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization and analysis of content.
C.2.2. Compose informative and/or explanatory texts, using writing and digital resources, to establish a topic and provide information about the topic.
C.2.2.g. With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and editing.
Writing ProcessPrewrite, draft, revise, proofread, and edit. Read more...iWorksheets :3
3 Students will compose narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events, using effective technique, well-chosen details and well-structured event sequences.
C.2.3. Compose narratives, using writing and digital resources, to develop real or imagined experiences or multiple events or ideas, using effective technique, descriptive details and clear sequences.
C.2.3.f. With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and editing.
Writing ProcessPrewrite, draft, revise, proofread, and edit. Read more...iWorksheets :3

Language—Grade 2

Conventions of Standard English

1 Students will demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing and speaking.
L.2.1. In writing or speaking, demonstrate appropriate use of:
L.2.1.e. adjectives and adverbs in sentence formation.
GrammarGrammar is the subject which tells how to speak and write correctly. It is a set of rules that define the structure of a language. Here are some grammar rules you should know. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
Adjectives/Adverbs/Vivid LanguageWhat is an Adjective? An adjective is a word that describes a noun. When an adjective is added to a noun, the sentence becomes more interesting. Read more...iWorksheets :9Study Guides :1
2 Students will demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation and spelling when writing.
L.2.2. When writing:
L.2.2.a. Capitalize proper nouns, including but not limited to holidays, product names and geographic names.
NounsNoun is a word that refers to a person, place, thing, event, substance, or quality Read more...iWorksheets :3
Proper NounsFreeA proper noun is a special name for a particular person, place, or thing. A proper noun always begins with a capital letter. If there is more than one word for a particular person, place, or thing, then the first, last, and all important words are capitalized. Read more...iWorksheets :7Study Guides :1
L.2.2.b. Demonstrate appropriate use of commas in varied communication formats (e.g., letter, email, blog).
GrammarGrammar is the subject which tells how to speak and write correctly. It is a set of rules that define the structure of a language. Here are some grammar rules you should know. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
L.2.2.c. Use apostrophe to form contractions and possessives.
NounsNoun is a word that refers to a person, place, thing, event, substance, or quality Read more...iWorksheets :3
GrammarGrammar is the subject which tells how to speak and write correctly. It is a set of rules that define the structure of a language. Here are some grammar rules you should know. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
ContractionsWhat are Contractions? A contraction is a special word made by putting together a verb and another word. Every contraction has an apostrophe to show where letters are missing from the original two words. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1
ContractionsWhat is a Contraction? A contraction is really two words squeezed together to make a new word. Some of the letters from one or both of the words go away and a special mark called an apostrophe goes in their place. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1
L.2.2.d. Generalize spelling patterns.
SpellingFreeSpelling: forming words with the correct letters in the correct order. Spelling three or four letter words. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

4 Students will use a variety of strategies to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases, consulting reference material when appropriate. Students will acquire and use accurately a range of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking and listening in order to be transition ready.
L.2.4. Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.
L.2.4.a. Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
Context CluesIdentify the meaning of unknown words by text surrounding word. Read more...iWorksheets :3
Context CluesWhat are Context Clues? When you are reading, you will come to words you do not know. You can learn the meaning of those words by looking for the clues in the sentence around that word. The clues will help you understand the meaning of the new word even if you cannot pronounce it. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
L.2.4.b. Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word.
Word Meaning with Prefixes/SuffixesPrefixes are letters placed before a root word which change the meaning of the root word. Suffixes are letters placed after the root word which change the meaning of the root word. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1
PrefixesA prefix is any letter or group of letters that is added to the front of a base word to change the meaning. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1
L.2.4.c. Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root.
Root Words/Prefixes/SuffixesWhen the ending, or inflection, is taken away from a word, the word that remains is called the root word or base word. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1
Multiple MeaningWords with multiple meanings are words with more than one meaning. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
Root WordsWhat are Root Words? Root words are sometimes called base words. A root word is the smallest form of a word before it has anything added to it. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
L.2.4.d. Use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words.
GrammarGrammar is the subject which tells how to speak and write correctly. It is a set of rules that define the structure of a language. Here are some grammar rules you should know. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
Compound WordsWhat are Compound Words? Any word made up of two small words is a compound word. Examples: foot + ball = football. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
Compound WordsWhat is a Compound Word? A Compound Word is a word that is composed of two or more separate words. Examples: sea + shell = seashell, basket + ball = basketball. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
L.2.4.e. Use glossaries and beginning dictionaries to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases.
Parts of a BookBooks have special parts to help you find information easily. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
Dictionary/Thesaurus/Parts of a BookAlphabetical order, table of contents, title, author, index, glossary. Read more...iWorksheets :3
5 Students will demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.
L.2.5. Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.
L.2.5.a. Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their synonyms and antonyms.
GrammarGrammar is the subject which tells how to speak and write correctly. It is a set of rules that define the structure of a language. Here are some grammar rules you should know. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1
SynonymsWhat are synonyms? Synonyms are words that mean the same, or nearly the same, as other words. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1
AntonymsFreeAntonyms are words that mean the opposite, or nearly the opposite, as other words. Read more...iWorksheets :6Study Guides :1

Standards

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